上海宝山区2019届高三英语二模考试试题

After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.

    Curiosity is part of human nature. Children are famous for wanting answers  tons of questions. People keep reading or watching  they want to find out what happens. But curiosity also provides many practical benefits.

Learning is easiest if you have a genuine desire for knowledge. Curiosity can create that desire when you have a question.

    Many of history greatest discoveries (make)by curious people. People wondered  processes worked or how certain tasks could be done more effectively. Thanks to their curiosity, people now know far more about the world and have useful technology (help)them.

    Even if you don't plan to be an inventor of researcher, curiosity can still help you in the classroom. If you develop the joy of learning, classes will become more fun. And you'll excel because you will be fully engaged in the process of learning. Even if you're no longer a student, curiosity will make you better (inform)and thus a more capable worker.

    What do you do if you're not already curious? Fortunately, curiosity is a skill that can be improved. If you act like you're curious, you'll quickly start to actually feel curious. Often, the more you learn about a topic the (interesting)it becomes.

    As you learn about a topic, gather information from as many sources as possible. Read a variety of books, watch or listen to lectures and ask questions. Don't always get your information from the same source. Instead, learn to appreciate facts that different people know and the different opinions  they express.

    Ask a lot of questions, Remember, everyone knows  that you don't. Find out what that is, and ask about it. This lets you learn something and makes the other person happy by letting them show off their knowledge.

In the classroom or out of it, (develop)curiosity is sure to be worthwhile.

After reading the passage below, fill in each blank with a proper word given in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.

    When was the last time that you dialed a phone number from memory? It probably depends on how long you've been using  like a cellphone. While some generations can recall the days of memorizing phone numbers, it's possible that members of Generation Z have never had to remember a single . Why is this? Because smartphones offer quick and convenient ways for storing and  information. There is no need to memorize anything. But this isn't without consequence. As digital devices develop, more and more users' heavy reliance on them may be having disabling effects." Digital dementia（失智）"is the term being used by medical professionals to identify some of these effects.

    Some professionals like Jim Kwik, an expert in memory improvement and optimal brain performance, are taking a closer look at this effect. Kwik describes digital dementia like this:"...we're  our brains to our smart devices. We're so reliant on our smartphones that our smartphones are making us stupid. As medical studies chart the decline in memory and cognitive skills among smartphone users, a connection is made between symptoms  with dementia."

    The seriousness of overuse becomes  when you consider just how young smartphone users are becoming. Author and speaker Simon Sinek points out that young minds" Are not ready for it! Their minds cannot cope with the dopamine（多巴胺）."Consequently, the overstimulation of screens and sounds lead to  more often than not. So now parents, teachers and managers are asking how to handle the influx（汇集）of young people with this kind of addiction.

    First, monitor your cellphone use. Keep downloading applications like Forest or Checky. Then cut back on any  usage. Set a specific goal of how much you think you should use your phone.

    Determine  areas for cellphone use. For example, while you're at home, only allow yourself to check your phone somewhere like a home office. This way, the time in between tasks isn't  filled with staring at your screen.

For each blank in the following passages there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C, and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.

    Serendipity - an unexpected delight – is the word that comes to mind when describing the seven-day hike my wife and I recently did in the wild and undeveloped northwest coast of Galicia, Spain.

    Simply 1, anyone who is adventurous, loves traveling to Europe and is fit enough to do 10-mile hikes should seriously consider doing this hike.

    Before this experience, I had never heard about On Foot Holidays programs that allow hikers to go at their own pace, with maps and detailed hiking 2, but without a guide or other travelers, while still enjoying a high level of local support.

    What 3 caught my attention was an announcement about On Foot Holidays' newest hike, the Lighthouse Way, which they described as a journey along" the last4 coast of Europe." This particular hike sounded both challenging and rewarding enough to 5 a try.

    On Foot Holidays booked our lodging each night and 6 a taxi to take our baggage to the next destination, so we just had to carry our daypack essentials. Each day we 7 or spoke with the company's local expert who was available 8 emergency, but whose main function was to keep us informed about the daily weather forecast and to make special taxi arrangements when we decided to 9 a couple of 14-mile hikes to less than 10 miles.

    The 10 of the trails and scenery made every hike a delight. One of our hikes followed a narrow trail along a steep, rocky cliff 11 the steel-blue waters of the Atlantic Ocean that thrash against jagged rocks hundreds of feet below us. We stopped to picnic and watch the only living things we saw that whole day: a herd of goats above us, and a group of dolphins jumping in the waves below. In the distance, many of mountain peaks 12 sparkling wind turbines（涡轮机）like candles on a cake.

    Silence and loneliness were the features of each day's accommodation. The only sounds we heard were birds singing, the wind blowing through trees or the waves breaking against the shoreline. The air was clean and the temperature brisk, with frequent 13 of cloudy, cool, windy and rainy weather interspersed（点缀）with glorious bursts of sunshine.

    There was remarkably little litter, the exception being spots along the shore where ocean currents 14 mostly fishing items.

My wife and I realized that we are pilgrims searching for meaning, awareness and joy on our journey through life, and our Galician hiking 15 had moved us further down that path in ways we won't forget.

Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.

    Many people prefer eating out instead of cooking at home. A change appears to be taking place, though, and millennials are leading the way. According to one survey, more young people are starting to cook at home for three basic reasons: They can save money, eat healthy and waste less food.

    Popular TV chefs are also getting millennials excited about learning some basic cooking skills. Many millennials view cooking as a form of entertainment and self-expression. They proudly post pictures of their cooking creations on Facebook or Instagram, and invite friends over to share the cooking experience.

    Many millennials have also found ways to avoid wasting food. After roasting a chicken, they put the leftover bones in their freezer instead of the garbage can. Later, they use the bones to make chicken stock which is an important ingredient in many dishes.

    They also hate throwing out fruit that's too old. To avoid that situation, they bake ripe fruit like berries and bananas for 15 minutes at 175 degrees C. Then they freeze it overnight. After that, they place the fruit in plastic bags and store it their freezer for later use.

    Now any millennials only eat at restaurants that have excellent food-waste policies. These servants use every part of the vegetables they buy, including their stems and roots, in dishes. They also use beef, chicken and pork bones to make their own stock.

    Millennials also reduce food waste by only buying what they require. Before going to a market, they write down what they need and don't buy anything else. They say they won't purchase more food than they can consume.

Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.

    Families should reduce exposure to synthetic chemicals found in food colorings, preservatives and packaging materials as a growing body of research shows they may harm children's health, according to a policy statement and technical report from the American Academy of Pediastrics released online.

    The statement also suggests improvements to the food additives regulatory system, including updating the scientific foundation of the U.S. Food and Drug Administrations safety assessment retesting all previously approved chemicals.

    Leonard Trasande, the author of the policy statement, to tell us more about these concerns.

Q: What are the growing number of studies showing us?

A: Over the past two decades, an accumulating body of science suggests some food additives can interfere with a child's hormones, growth and development.

    Potentially harmful effects of food additives are of special concern for children because they are more sensitive to chemical exposures because they eat and drink more relative to body weight, than adults do and are still growing and developing. An early injury to their organ systems can have lifelong and permanent consequences.

Q: What additives does the statement highlight?

A: The additives of most concern, based on rising research evidence cited in the report, include:

    Bisphenols, such as BPA, used to harden plastic containers and line metal cans, can act like estrogen（雌激素）in the body which may potentially change the timing of puberty, decrease fertility, increase body fat and affect the nervous and immune systems. BPA is now banned in baby bottles.

    Phthalates, which make plastic and vinyl tubes used in industrial food production flexible, may affect male genital development increase childhood obesity and contribute to cardiovascular disease. In 2017, the Consumer Product Safety Commission banned the use or some phthalates in child-care products such as teething rings.

Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.

    The koala is an unusual creature. Native to Australia and a bit bigger than a rabbit, it spends most of its time in eucalyptus trees（桉树）, feeding on leaves that are poisonous to nearly every other animal on the planet.

    The koala sleeps about 22 hours a day and spends the remainder of its time eating and resting. It might spend 10 minutes a day moving, experts say, usually from one tree to another. It has a soft pad at the end of its spine and extra thick fur on its rear end to make the effort, of sitting more comfortable.

    Threats and protective measures

    The unique lifestyle of the koala has helped it prosper, but today the cute and iconic creature is facing threats from habitat loss, disease and a changing climate. Koala populations are expected to decline by 50 percent in the next 20 years according to the Australian Museum.

    To help protect these animals, which bring in an estimated $1.1 billion to Australia each year through koala-related tourism, an international team of researchers has published the first complete genome（基因组）of the koala. Their hope is that the keys to the marsupial's（有袋动物）long-term survival might be planted in its genetic code.

"The ultimate goal is that we won't have to…rescue them from the edge of extinction," said Rebecca Johnson of the Australian Museum Research Institute in Sydney, who led the work.

    "Now we have a really good understanding of the koala genome, and we are in a fantastic position to use that knowledge to help us manage them."

    Early findings

    An elementary analysis of the koala's genome, published in Nature Genetics, has already yielded some interesting findings.

    For example, the authors found that, compared to other mammals, the koala's DNA includes an expansion in the number of genes that encode for enzymes involved in anti-poison. That allows them to have a diet that depends almost entirely on eucalyplus leaves which are unusually high in poison. However, it also means that koalas metabolize（代谢）medicines like anti-chlamydia antibiotics faster than other animals.

    The koala genome also revealed why koalas are such famously picky eaters. They are known to consume leaves from just 20 of Australia's 60 known eucalyplus species. And even when they are in one of their preferred trees, koalas take leaf selection very seriously.

    Information waiting to be discovered

    Johnson said that the information encoded in the koala's DNA is already being included in management strategies by conservation groups. However, she said the findings described in the new paper represent the early stages of what can be gleamed from the marsupial's genome.

    "The data is public, and I would love for anyone to start mining it and see what other amazing things they can find," she said." Once you have a genome of this quality,the sky's the limitwith what you can do with it."

Complete the following passage by using the sentences given below. Each sentences can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.

    Can just one person make a difference? You bet! In a community every person counts, and getting involved is not difficult. Take stock of your own talents and interests.  Don't wait for someone else to act first. Take the initiative! Once you see what you can accomplish, you'll want to keep going.

    Here are just a few ways to make a difference in your community. How many more ways can you come up with?

    Clean up the community. People often throw litter in places where there is already litter. And the problem only becomes worse until someone gets fed up and does something. Could your neighborhood use a cleanup? Neighborhood cleanups are often sponsored by local businesses or schools. But if your community doesn't have a cleanup program, get together with friends to organize one. You could pick up garbage in a larger area twice a year, or you could clean a smaller area every few months.

    Include the isolated. Do you know anyone who is housebound? Almost all neighborhoods have a few people who have to stay at their homes. These people are often elderly and unable to leave their homes to perform simple tasks.  By letting them "borrow" your legs and eyes, you can make them feel included. You can run errands for them like shopping or paying bills. They might like you to read to them if their eyesight is failing. Governments provide some of the services these people need, but programs cannot give them friendship; that's what communities are for!

     Reading clubs are popular all over Europe and North America. Members might read at home to prepare for discussion, or they might read aloud to each other and talk about what they just read. Either way, a book or article can spark lively discussion and this often challenges people to take action.

A. Cleaning your community will have a positive effect on others in society.

B. They find a need or an issue you really care about.

C. But they belong to the community, too.

D. Living in a clean neighborhood will be its own reward.

E. Don't hesitate to take part in the community's activity.

F. Round up some readers.

Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.

    Small businesses hold the key to employed happiness. As the calendar flips to another year, many employees will consider starting the new year on the hunt for a new job.

    In today's changing workforce, it is more important than ever for companies to realize that a salary alone is no longer enough to attract or retain strong employees.

    According to a survey by Aflac, small business deserve a round of applause for their ability to keep employees happy. The report found that 85 percent of small-business employees are happy in their current job, and more than half（51 percent）agree that most of or all of their happiness in their current job is a result of working for a small business.

    Nearly a quarter of participants（23 percent）stated that the feeling of importance was the best part of working for a small business. Small businesses have the unique ability to make employees feel appreciated, respected and valued on a personal and professional level.

    In a small-business environment, there are typically fewer layers between newcomers and leadership. This tight-knit structure can create a family-like atmosphere that allows employees to feel that their opinions matter and that they play a significant role in the business's mission.

    Flexibility is also vital in creating employee happiness. According to the report, 30 percent of respondents noted that flexible scheduling was the best part of working for a small business. A workplace that promotes healthy work-life balance can create happier, less stressed employees and can also increase productivity.

    Although small business excel at keeping employees happy, there is always room for improvement. In a small-business community, money does not seem to be the only motivator. In fact, 65 percent of small-business employees indicate that an improvement in their benefits offerings would make them happier.

    By offering a great benefits plan that includes voluntary benefits, small business can ensure that their employees are able to find the right benefits to meet their individual needs.

"爱你的邻居"对每个人而言都是一项艰巨的任务。（tough）

诸如地震这一类的自然灾害，对某些地区的影响远比其他地区更大。（like）

如果你的演讲有良好的规划和充满热情的演绎，肯定会打动听众的。（inspire）

为了让各类型的无线网络系统都能更快速连线，5G连线将使用毫米波的频率。（available）

Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.

现在上海高考采用的是三加三模式（语数外+理化生政史地任选三门），以往采用的是三加一模式（语数外+理化生政史地任选一门），针对这两种高考模式谈谈你的看法。你的文章必须包括：

1）比较两种模式的异同；

2）你更喜欢哪种模式并陈述理由。

注意：请勿透露本人真实姓名和学校名称。