北京市朝阳区2020届高三英语5月模拟考试试题

阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。

    With our graduation day around the corner, I was busy preparing presents for my friends. As usual, I walked into the classroom, only (find) a big box standing there. Approaching, I saw my name (write) on it. I was quite shocked when the box (open) and I saw "myself", a vivid statue, sitting inside smiling up at me. I was at a complete loss for words. It was the most unique, unconventional present in my life.

    Analysis finds Earth's magnetic(有磁性的) field was in place by at least 3.7 billion years ago, as early life arose.

Scientists think that having a magnetic field (make) Earth more friendly to life. The field,is generated by liquid iron moving about in the planet's core, protects Earth energetic  particles(粒子) flowing from the Sun. It helps the planet hold on to its atmosphere and maintain liquid water on its surface.

    Do you have a mentor(导师) helping you make decisions in your life? If you do, then you are a very lucky person.if not, then read the book Tuesdays with Morrie.

    It tells the true story of the author, Mitch Albom, and his dying former professor, Morrie Schwartz. you read this book, you will learn some very meaningful lessons from a professor dying from Lou Gehrig's disease. When Mitch visits Morrie every Tuesday, the 78-year-old professor shares words of (wise) about love, life, communication, values, and openness with his former student. As a beautiful tale   (deliver) many powerful lessons about life, this book should be high on everyone's reading list.

阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

    Gidda's Team

    The door closed behind Malik, making Mama look up from the hot meal. "Just in time for dinner. Will you 1Gidda, please?"

    Gidda was staying in Malik's bedroom. He didn't2giving up his room for his 82-year-old grandmother at first. But then she didn't leave. Malik3over her suitcase on the floor. "Sorry," Gidda said. "I'm just a nuisance(讨厌的人) here. I'm4." Malik didn't answer as he helped her up from her chair.

    At dinner, Mama asked Malik, "How's your   5with the coach?"

    Malik was captain of school soccer team, and he had to discuss a fundraiser with the coach. They'd have to raise hundreds of dollars to6their old shirts, and that seemed unlikely unless Malik came up with a(n) 7plan.

    Unwillingly, Malik said, "It's just team stuff." Changing the8, Malik turned to Gidda. "Do you want to go sit outside after dinner?"

    Gidda agreed. In the soft warmth of the evening, Gidda settled herself beneath the enormous fig(无花果) tree. "Feels like home," she said. But Malik9, "It drops figs everywhere." Right then, a fig landed on his head. Gidda laughed, picked it up, and took a10. "Perfect. Pick me a bunch. I'll make fig cakes."

    The next morning, Malik found Gidda making fig cakes in the kitchen. She offered him one. Malik, hoping it wasn't too awful, put it in his mouth. His eyes11as he chewed. It was delicious. He eyed the tree in the backyard. How many fig cakes could it12?

    Malik grabbed his phone and started 13in a rush of excitement. An hour later, most of the soccer team gathered in the kitchen, and ate up fig cakes.

    "Gidda's Fabulous(极好的) Fig Cakes!" Malik said. "We'll 14them! Gidda said they were easy to make; she'll15us how."

    At dinner that night, Gidda shared their plan with Mama, smiling16as she repeated the title Malik gave on her, "Team Grandmother."

    The next day, the kitchen was full of17. Walking slowly among the excited boys, Gidda taught them to make fig cakes. Soon the fig cakes piled up.

    As Malik  18, Gidda's Fabulous Fig Cakes were a huge hit and they were quickly sold out.

    When the new19arrived just in time for the opening game, Coach Garcia invited

    Gidda to watch. She arrived early, and waved at Malik. Then she turned  20to show off her shirt. On the back were the words Team Grandmother.

阅读理解

    Music for Life Learning music is important for the educational and personal development of young people!

    Learning an instrument: how do pupils choose?

    All our teachers are highly qualified and experienced musicians, and pupils can learn to play a wide range of instruments, from the keyboard to the drums(鼓). We have open days when new pupils who are unsure which instrument to choose can come to the centre. They are able to speak to teachers about which instrument might be best for them, and they can also see and hear classes in action.

    Who is responsible for buying the instruments?

    Parents usually have to provide instruments. But parents of beginners are advised not to buy an instrument until they are told that a place is available. They should also find out from the teacher the most suitable type of instrument to get.

    When and where do lessons take place?

    Lessons are available in many schools, usually during the day. If there is no lesson available for a particular instrument in a particular school, other arrangements can be made at one of our music centres for lessons on Saturday afternoons or weekday evenings.

    How are pupils taught?

    Pupils can learn in small groups, in classes or individually, depending on their needs. Small groups of three pupils have lessons that last thirty minutes. Class lessons last forty-five minutes and have at least ten pupils. Individual lessons are offered only to pupils who have some experience.

    Starting young: when can pupils begin?

    Children are never too young to become interested in music. We have special "Musical Youth" classes for children from the age of 3 to 8. These are designed to encourage young children to enjoy music through a variety of activities including singing, musical games, listening and movement. "Musical Youth" classes take place on Saturday mornings with groups of about 18 children. A parent or other adult must attend each session, and they are encouraged to sit with their children and help them with the activities.

阅读理解

    Nenad Sestan was working in his office one afternoon in 2016, when he heard his lab members whispering with excitement over a microscope. He realized something beyond their expectations was happening.

    The researchers, at Yale School of Medicine in New Haven, Connecticut, had found electrical activity in brains taken from dead pigs. With that shocking result, Sestan realized what had started as a side project to find ways to better preserve brain tissue for research had changed into a discovery that could redefine our understanding of life and death.

    The excitement soon turned to concern, when the researchers thought they saw widespread, consistent electrical activity which can indicate consciousness( 意识 ). Sestan brought in a neurologist, who determined the readout was actually an error, but the possibility had frightened them.

    Sestan kept his cool and immediately did two things: he shut down the experiment and contacted the US National Institutes of Health (NIH), as well as a Yale bioethicist(生物伦理学家). Over the next few months, experts discussed the potential ethical implications, such as whether the brains could become conscious and whether physicians needed to reconsider the definition of brain death.

    They submitted the work to Nature. But before the final paper was published, Sestan met sharp criticism from the press. Some even suggested that the researchers were engineering immortality(永生), or maintaining a room full of living brains in jars. Neither he nor his team wanted to discuss the results until the paper was out, but as their inboxes filled with concerns and anger from animal rights activists and futurists, Sestan became depressed. He felt all they could do, however, was to hold off on correcting public misunderstandings until the expert review process had run its course.

    Since the paper was published in April, 2019, the team has been so busy fielding questions from the media and scientists that it hasn't performed any further experiments. Sestan wants to focus on his original questions and explore how long the brains can be maintained and whether the technology can preserve other organs.

    "We want to get outside opinion before we do anything," Sestan says. "When you explore uncharted territory, you have to be extremely thoughtful."

阅读理解

    A butterfly's wings can have many jobs besides keeping the insect high up in the air. They may be used to attract mates, or to warn potential attackers to stay away. All of these roles, though, depend on their unchanging colouration. This plays into the idea that butterfly wings are dead tissue, like a bird's feathers. In fact, that's not true. For example, in some species males' wings have special cells releasing some chemicals which attract females.

    Nanfang Yu, a physicist at Columbia University, in New York, has been looking into the matter. Together with Naomi Pierce, a butterfly specialist at Harvard University, he has now shown, in a paper published in Nature Communications in February, 2020, that butterfly wings are, indeed, very much alive.

In their experiments, the two researchers used a laser(激光) to heat up spots on the wings of dozens of butterfly species. When the temperature of the area under the laser reached 40℃ or so, the insects responded within seconds by doing things that stopped their wings heating up further. These actions included a butterfly turning around to minimize its profile to the laser, moving its wings up and down or simply walking away.

    Butterflies engaged in all of these heat-minimising activities even when the researchers blindfolded them. That suggested the relevant sensors were on the wings themselves. Dr Yu and Dr Pierce therefore searched those wings for likely looking sensory cells. They found some, in the form of neurons(神经元) that were similar to heat detectors known from other insects. They also uncovered disc-shaped cells that appeared to be similar to pressure-sensitive neurons. They guess that these are there to detect deformation of the wing—information an insect could use to control its flight pattern.

    The third discovery they made to contradict the "dead wing" idea was that some butterfly wings have a heartbeat. A butterfly's wings have veins(静脉). These carry a bloodlike liquid which, researchers have now found in males, shows a pulse(脉搏) of several dozen beats per minute. The source of this pulse appears to be the scent(气味) pad, a dark spot on the wings that produces the female-attracting chemicals. Apparently, this "wing heart" acts as a pump that helps bloodlike liquid through the scent pad.

    In all their experiments simulating different environmental conditions, Dr Yu and Dr Pierce consistently found that, different parts of the wing are covered by different sorts of scales(鳞屑). In particular, tubes pass through scales over the scent pads. This improves their ability to spread heat away and helps keep the living parts of a butterfly's wings alive.

阅读理解

    Fact or Fiction?

    Non-fiction can be broken down into many categories. One category is literary non-fiction, which is still based in fact but employs some of the storytelling elements that fiction uses. Literary non-fiction includes a type of autobiography(自传) called memoir. Memoir most often focuses on a certain period of the author's life. It is, by definition, rooted in truth. Still, people sometimes question whether memoir should be categorized as non-fiction at all.

    As non-fiction, memoir is intended to be factual. Is this really the case, though, considering memoir relies on human memory? One classic study, led by psychologist Elizabeth Loftus, showed how easily an interviewer's choice of wording can influence an eyewitness's account of a traffic accident. It is therefore reasonable to wonder whether memoir should continue to be branded as non-fiction.

    Certainly, human memory can be unreliable. However, a memoir author is undoubtedly writing about significant and impactful life events. Memories of such events are actually more reliable than others. Studies show that the more influential an event is, the more accurately people recall the details. As an emotionally charged event unfolds, the brain activity changes in a way thatamplifiessmall details. This activity helps build a more precise and accurate memory.

    Of course the brain is not a camera that can "save" any memory with perfect accuracy. But if memoir is questionable due to the imperfections of the human mind, then critics will have to tackle non-fiction more broadly. All writers are using their memories when they create, and moreover, they are relying on the memories of others. Journalists conduct interviews to tell a news story and history writers depend on the accuracy of accounts from long ago. Yet they all rightfully fall under the umbrella of non-fiction.

    Some people may doubt memoir not because they mistrust human memory, but because they mistrust the author's morality. Critics may suspect an author of making up events. However, there is no reason to be suspicious of memoir author's intentions. Writing a factual memoir that appeals to readers has the potential to be profitable for the author, and there is no motivation for a memoir writer to knowingly change or beautify the truth.

    Looking beyond the author's own life events, memoir can inform readers about the world in the same way that other non-fiction can. Memoir has a way of relaying facts about anything from an occupation to brief fashion trends, all of it meaningful to the author.

根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

What Your Nose Knows

    Your sense of smell enriches your experience of the world around you. Different scents can change your mood or transport you back to a distant memory. Your ability to smell also plays a key role in your health.

    The things we smell are actually the tiny molecules(分子) released by substances all around us. When we breathe in these molecules, they stimulate specialized sensory cells high inside the nose. But a given molecule can stimulate a combination of these receptors, creating a unique representation in the brain. We perceive that representation as a smell.

    A stuffy(不通气的) nose or a harmless growth in the nose can block air and thus scents from reaching the sensory cells. Certain medications, like some blood pressure pills, can change smell, but these effects are usually temporary. Your smell should come back once you've recovered or stopped the medication. But some things can cause a long-lasting loss of smell. A head injury or virus, for example, can sometimes damage the nerves related to smell.  According to Dr. Davangere Devanand, an expert on neurodegenerative (神经变性的) diseases and smell loss, the main reason appears to be that the functioning of the brain regions involved in smell and memory becomes damaged as we grow older.

    But problems with your ability to smell may be more than normal aging. They can sometimes be an early sign of serious health conditions, such as Parkinson's disease or Alzheimer's disease. Devanand's group is studying the relationships between smell dysfunction and certain disease.

    Researchers are also looking for ways to avoid smell loss. Some studies suggest that smell training may help you improve your ability to distinguish and identify scents. But the question remains as to whether and how this might work.

A. Many things can cause smell loss.

B. People may have lost their ability to smell before they notice it.

C. Each of these sensory cells has only one type of scent receptor.

D. It may improve your brain's ability to interpret low levels of scents.

E. As people get older, many of them couldn't identify certain kind of smell.

F. If your ability to smell declines, it can affect your physical well-being and everyday safety.

G. And with age, there is a decline in the ability to smell to some extent in the nose, but much more in the brain itself.

假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你的美国笔友 Jim对中国文化十分感兴趣，你在英文报纸 China Daily上看到“中华文化表情包设计大赛 (The China Daily Emoji Design Contest of Chinese Cultural Symbols)”征集来自世界各地参赛作品的活动，请给他写一封邮件，邀请他参加投稿，内容包括：

1）介绍稿件要求；

2）告知投稿时间和方式；

3）询问对方意向。

注意： 1）词数不少于 50；

2）可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；

3）开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。

Dear Jim,

    ……

Yours, Li Hua

假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。请根据以下四幅图的先后顺序，为校刊“英语园地”

写一篇短文，讲述你在这个寒假居家自主学习的过程。注意：词数不少于 60。