外研版（2019）高中英语必修2：Unit 4 Stage andscreen 单元过关测试

阅读理解

Every summer, my family and I visit our relatives in India and whenever we travel, my parents always remind me to drink only bottled or boiled water. On one of my trips to India, I saw children drinking water from the roadside. I was troubled to learn that millions of people, most of them children in developing countries, die each year because of water­related diseases.

Living in the US, I am lucky to be able to turn on the tap and get potable water (饮用水), while one sixth of the world's population lacks access to clean water. This year, I entered the Discovery Education 3M Young Scientist Challenge. In late June, I learnt that I was selected as one of the top 10 national finalists of this famous middle school science competition. Over the summer, I worked with Dr Jim Jonza, my scientist mentor (导师) from 3M, and developed a system that uses solar energy to purify water. My invention is green and cost­effective, and I am looking forward toimplementingthis in places that are affected by harmful water pollution.

In October, my family and I flew to 3M headquarters in St Paul, Minnesota, where the final event was to be held. For the last challenge, each of us had to present the invention we had been working on over the summer. The first place winner would win $25,000, a trip to Costa Rica, and the title of America's Top Young Scientist. At the awards ceremony, all of us waited anxiously until one of the judges, Danny Forester, started announcing "The winner of the Discovery Education 3M Young Scientist Challenge is. . . " You could hear a pin (大头针) drop as he opened the paper with the winner's name, "Deepika Kurup!"

As America's Top Young Scientist, I was given an opportunity to show my invention on national television and deliver several presentations. One of the most important things I have learnt is that communication and teamwork are key to success.

阅读理解

This season, the bushfires in Australia have burned more than 12. 35 million acres of land. At least 25 people have been killed and 2,000 homes destroyed. According to theBBC,this is the most casualties(伤亡)from wildfires in the country since 2009. The University of Sydney estimates that 480 million animals have died in South Wales alone.

Zeke Hausfather, an energy systems analyst and climate researcher at Berkeley Earth, said warmer temperatures and extreme weather have made Australia moresusceptible_tofires and increased the length of the fire season. "The drier conditions combined with record high temperatures in 2019 created main conditions for the disastrous fires. Australia's fires were worsened by the combination of those two. 2019 was the perfect storm for being the warmest year on record for Australia and the driest year on record for Australia," Hausfather added on Friday.

Kevin Trenberth, a senior scientist at the US National Center for Atmospheric Research, said warmer ocean temperatures are also contributed to more variable weather around the world. Trenberth believes that global warming contributed to energy imbalances and hot spots in the oceans, which can create a wave in the atmosphere that locks weather patterns in places, causing longer rain events in Indonesia, for example, and at the same time contributing to drought in Australia. He said that once an area experiences drought conditions for two months or more, it increases the risk of fires catching and spreading. Those changing weather patterns due to global warming make drought events longer.

Climate experts stress that climate change is not the only factor in the severity of wildfires. How land is managed can also impact the amount of fuel available for fires. Practices like controlled burns and other factors can impact the risk to people and property, such as warning systems and the type of development in a given area. Changing those policies has great potential to limit future damage from wildfires along with changes to how fire management resources are dispatched(派遣).

阅读理解

There are certain areas on Mars where we don't dare tread. NASA forbids spacecraft from visiting spots that possibly host liquid water, and so where life might be able to thrive, for fear of contaminating (感染) Mars with Earth microbes. But an analysis of the salty liquids on Mars suggests we needn't worry, because life as we know it should be unable to exist anywhere on the planet's surface.

Edgard Rivera­Valentin at the Lunar and Planetary Institutein Texas and his colleagues used readings of the temperature and relative humidity across Mars to map the presence of salty water. Any water on the surface is likely to be salty, simply because the surface is. This boosts the chances of water being liquid because salt lowers its freezing point.

It is like when you throw salt on an icy sidewalk, says Danielle Nuding at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory in California. "It's the same chemistry happening. "

Unfortunately, the saltier the water, the less likely anything can survive in it. The team found that even though there could be briny (盐分多的) water on the surface of Mars up to 18 per cent of the year, depending on the season, no microbe we have ever seen on Earth would be able to reproduce there.

Life as we know it is not going to find these brines and survive because it's either going to be way too cold or way too salty," says Rivera­Valentin, who presented the results at the Lunar and Planetary Science Conference in Texas.

That doesn't mean we can't contaminate Mars: brines with different types of salts mixed together might be friendlier to life and temperatures just below the surface are much less extreme. Nevertheless, as long as we don't dig down, it might be highly unlikely or even impossible for rovers (飞行器) such as Curiosity to contaminate Mars.

"The level of sterilization (杀菌) that we've done with Curiosity should be good enough to ignore the ban on visiting what we've been calling special regions until now, says Jennifer Hanley at Lowell Observatory in Arizona. I think that we're OK to go. Visiting these regions would be particularly helpful because, while they are in theory the most vulnerable areas on Mars, they are also the most interesting.

For example, arguments have been raging for over a decade about whether dark streaks on Martian slopes called recurring slope lineae are flowing water or just dust. A quick visit by Curiosity, which is near an area where the flows often form, could solve it once and for all.

Even if areas with water are inhospitable to Earth life, they could still be home to native Martian life forms.

"If you had life that originated on Mars when it was more habitable, it could be that as Mars changed, life could have gradually adapted to the new, more extreme conditions," says Rivera­Valentin.

阅读理解

Coral reefs (珊瑚礁) are an integral part of sea life and sustain it by providing shelter and habitat to various organisms. They also supply and recycle nutrients as well as enable a growing fish population, along with other species, for a healthy and diverse ecosystem. However, the rise in average water temperatures due to climate change has resulted in more frequent and longtime "coral bleaching" (白化现象) events that damage their health, causing fish and other sea species to abandon them.

In order to restore this delicate ecosystem, scientists from the UK and Australia conducted a study that involved using loudspeakers underwater near damaged coral reefs to make them sound healthy and attract fish, potentially kick­starting the natural recovery process of coral reefs and their dependent life forms. The location for this experiment was the Great Barrier Reef in the Coral Sea, found alongside the east coast of Queensland, Australia. The site is noted to have the largest coral reef system in the world.

"Healthy coral reefs are remarkably noisy places—the crackle of snapping shrimp and the whoops and grunts of fish. Young fish concentrate on these sounds when they're looking for a place to settle," said Steve Simpson, study co­author and a professor at the University of Exeter, UK.

By using loudspeakers to copy such sounds, parts of dead coral reefs were found to attract twice as many fish, compared to places where no sounds were played. "These returning fish, are crucial for coral reefs to function as healthy ecosystems. Boosting fish populations in this way could help to kick­start natural recovery processes, preventing the damage we're seeing on many coral reefs around the world," said lead author, Tim Gordon.

任务型阅读

In the most basic sense, self­regulation (自我调节) involves controlling one's behavior and thoughts in pursuit (追求) of long­term goals. Generally, people who are good at self­regulation tend to see the good in others and view challenges as opportunities. They exactly know what they want to achieve, act in accordance with their views, and devote their best effort.

  A bad­tempered child who hits others won't be popular at school. An adult with poor self­regulation skills may lack self­confidence. He may have difficulty handling stress, and often, this might be expressed in terms of anger and anxiety.

 How do problems with self­regulation develop? It could start early when a baby isn't treated with enough care. Later, an adult may struggle with self­regulation, either because this ability wasn't developed during childhood, or because of a lack of skill in managing difficult feelings. When left unchecked, over time this could lead to risky behavior such as taking drugs.

One of the most frequently used methods is to change your thought patterns, which means that you think about a situation in a positive way, rather than one that's likely to increase negative emotions. Rather than thinking that this reflects something about yourself such as "My friend hates me"， you might instead think, "My friend must be really busy".

A. Try to cheer yourself up after disappointment.

B. Do the usual series of things at a particular time.

C. A child who doesn't feel safe may have trouble self­regulating.

D. A lack of self­regulation will cause problems in life.

E. Anyhow, self­regulation is so important that we should learn to use this skill.

F. For example, imagine a friend who doesn't return your calls or texts for several days.

G. Also they can calm themselves when feeling upset and cheer themselves when feeling down.

完形填空

One day about ten years ago, we were walking in the Giant Mountains, Czech Republic, when it suddenly rained heavily. We found1under the roof of some ski lifts (缆车) and prepared for the night. The kind­hearted elderly man who worked there, in a 2 of languages, gestures and drawing pictures, 3 that we could stay at his home that night.

Being penniless students, we eagerly, took up his4 naturally, for we saw he was a 5 person. His wife 6 us to a big meal. The couple was quite lovely and we had a great evening, though 7 was a bit difficult. That night we slept well in a clean room.

The next day, our host8 his long cape (斗篷) and stuff that was part of his clothes as "Guardian of the Mountains". The children there called him that or "Krkonos", 9 he looked like the giant in the local 10 with large figure and long flowing white hair and beard. 11, he was quite a 12 in his village because of that. He drove us through the mountains, 13at nice locations where we could take some photos.

We14 him and his wife again last month and Krkonos hadn^'t changed a bit! There is 15in the mountain.

语法填空

In Hebei Province lies a vast forest called Saihanba. This green Great Wall, at its peak during the Qing Dynasty covered thousands of hectares, had by the 1950s (virtual)disappeared. This allowed sand to blow into Beijing from the northern deserts.

Saihanba is a combination of Chinese and Mongolian, (mean) "beautiful highlands". Until the Qing Dynasty, it was a royal hunting land because of its cool summer weather and beautiful surroundings. However, most of the area had turned into a desert by the end of the Qing Dynasty.

In fact, 56 years ago there was only one tree left. But without that tree, there (be) no miracle of Saihanba today. In the early 1960s, over 350 foresters (send) to this area to fight the desert. They were required (rebuild) the forest in Saihanba. Few people, including the foresters themselves, believed they would succeed.

Their doubt disappeared, however, when they found the 200­year­old tree, swaying alone in wind. If one tree could survive here, could millions of trees, they thought.

After decades of hard work, three generations of the foresters have restored almost 80% of the original Saihanba forest. Recently, they were awarded the (high) environmental honor from the United Nations for their great (contribute)to creating a greener world.

假定你是李华，想在毕业实习期间去一家出版社做兼职英语编辑。请你用英文给该出版社的英语主编写封信。要点如下：

1）写信目的；

2）自我简介；

3）表达愿望。

注意：1）词数100左右；

2）可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；

3）开头与结尾已给出，不计入总词数。

Dear Chief Editor，

I learned that your press is looking for a part-time English editor.     ▲   

Thanks for reading my letter and I'm looking forward to your reply.

Yours sincerely,

Li Hua

阅读下面材料， 根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段， 使之构成一篇完整的短文。

It was the hottest time of the year in southern California. Steve, a star basketball player at the University of California, with his cousin Zach, had planned a camping trip in the Great National Forest for their summer vacation.

The boys gathered clothes and supplies, and began their great adventure with Brady the dog early in the morning. Upon arrival, Steve pulled over to the side of the road along the bank of the river. "A wonderful place for fishing," Steve exclaimed in delight. Zach nodded in agreement.

At high noon, the sun was scorching hot. With a good harvest of fish, the boys marched into the forest with Brady following them. After a long walk, they found a clearing that was ideal for a campsite. The camp was set up immediately as Steve knew all the tricks of an experienced wilderness camper.

An afternoon nap was absolutely a special treat in midsummer. However, the boys were waken up by the fierce barks of Brady. Outside, heavy smoke filled the air and windblown flame was skipping from the top of one tree to another. The long dry summer turned the forest into a tinderbox. In a little while, Steve and Zach were inside their tent packing their belongings.

"Let's go! We can make it back to the river!" They headed down against the fire­wind in the direction of the river. But Brady barked a sharp warning. Ahead of them lay a thick curtain of smoke across the track. They would never make it through that. Steve was uneasy for it was hard to find a safe way to escape in the heavy smoke.

Brady lifted his head and snuffed (嗅) the smoke­laden wind. Next moment, the dog bounded away and disappeared down a sharp slope (坡). The boys shouted for him, but he didn't come back. Steve couldn't blame Brady for panicking. He himself wanted to run even though he didn't have a clue which way.

注意：1）续写词数应为150左右；

2）请按如下格式作答。

Steve and Zach hadn't gone far when there was a familiar bark.

……

Brady pulled again, in spite of the boy's disbelief, urgently.