人教版（2019）选择性必修四高中英语 Unit 1 Science Fiction Section I

阅读理解

A team of engineers at Harvard University created the first robotic fly. Designed to do what a fly does naturally, the tiny machine is the size of a fat housefly. Its mini wings allow it to stay in the air and perform controlled flight tasks.

"The added difficulty with a project like this is that actually none of its components is off the shelf and so we have to develop them all on our own," said Robert Wood, a Harvard engineering professor.

They engineered a series of systems to start and drive the robotic fly. "The seemingly simple system which just moves the wings has lots of interdependence(互相依赖) of the individual components, each of which individually has to perform well, but then has to be matched well to everything it's connected to, " said Wood.

While this first robotic flyer is linked to a small, off-board power source, the goal is eventually to equip it with a built-in power source, so that it might someday perform data-gathering work at rescue sites, in farmers' fields or on the battlefield. "Basically it should be able to take off, land and fly around," he said.

Wood says the design offers a new way to study flight mechanics and control at insect-scale. Yet, the power, sensing and computation technologies on board could have much broader applications. "You can start thinking about using them to answer open scientific questions, you know, to study biology in ways that would be difficult with the animals, but using these robots instead, " he said. "So there are a lot of technologies and open interesting scientific questions that are really what drives us on a day-to-day basis."

阅读理解

An online supermarket company—Ocado in the UK, has recently displayed a robotic hand that can pick fruits and vegetables!

When an embryo is in the womb(子宫), the very first sense it develops is touch. The sense of touch is also the one that lasts the longest—as we get older and our vision and hearing begin to weaken, touch still remains. Humans use their touch to protect themselves, to create emotional relationships with other people and to experience pleasure. Can you imagine life without it?

The sense of touch comes from a network of nerve endings(神经末梢) and special touch receptors on the surface of the skin. While there are different kinds of touch receptors, they help us judge pressure, texture and vibrations. They are located in our fingertips, palms, soles of our feet, face, lips and tongue.

When we touch something, the mechanoreceptors feel the touch and through a network of nerves send signals to the brain. This informs the brain about the location of the touch, the amount of force used, and the speed at whichitwas used.

Several different techniques have been tried in the past few years to create such a robotic hand—using three fingers. But this latest design by SoMa copies the human hand. It is made up of flexible materials which grasp the thing based on its size and shape. Then air pressure is used to control the movement of the robotic fingers to pick objects safely and without causing damage.

The next step would be for the robot to judge how ripe the fruits and vegetables are, and apply pressure accordingly. Members of the research team are currently working on adding computerised vision to the robots, so that they can see what they are grasping.

Does all this mean robots can replace people? According to Ocado, they help improve productivity by removing some of the repetitive tasks done by humans.

阅读理解

In the story ofTheCrowandthePitcherfromAesopsFables, a thirsty crow(乌鸦) drops stones into a narrow jar to raise the low level of water inside so he can take a drink.

Now scientists have evidence to back up that story. Crows actually do understand how to make water displacement(移位) work to their advantage, experiments show. The results suggest that the birds are, at least in some aspects, as smart as first-graders.

Researchers, led by Sarah Jelbert at the University of Auckland in New Zealand, presented six crows with tubes filled with water. Inside the tubes, a worm or piece of meat on a piece of wood was floating, just out of reach of the crows. In front of the tubes, the researchers arranged several rubber erasers that would sink, and some plastic objects that would float. The crows found out that they could drop the erasers into the tubes in order to raise the water level and get their snack.

However,the birds handled awkwardlyin experiments in which they could choose to drop objects in either a wide tube or a narrow one to get a snack, the researchers said. Dropping objects into the narrow tube would lift the water level by a greater amount and put the treat within reach after just two drops; while it took around seven drops to raise the snack to the same level in the wide tube. The crows obviously didn't realise this, and most of them went for the wide tube first.

Previous studies showed that chimps and human children can solve similar tasks. In a 2011 study, chimps and kids found out that they could put water into a tube to reach a peanut that was floating in a small amount of water at the bottom.

The parents felt ashamed of their son when he (dismiss) by the boss.

The lawyer claimed that the accused(被告) was not (guilt).

All night long he lay awake, (think) of the problem.

He tried to make his ideas (know).

They usually have the medicine (test) out before putting into the market all over the country.

Jane's pale face suggested that she (be) ill, and her parents suggested she (have) a medical examination.

The two (saleswoman) were busily trying to keep up with the demand.

Let's appoint a time (meet) again.

Angry residents have declared war the owner of the factory.

Some people say it is a very easy thing to get up a cold morning.  

You must work how much all these things will cost.

His work is to test  new designs of cars before they are put on the market.

This is the first place in all of China to experiment this method.

When we got to the border, the guards made us turn and go back.

He looks more a businessman than a teen idol.

If you keep on collecting, time you'll have a wealth of data.  

There is no need to blame him all day long. He's a child all.

I am not free this afternoon because I have an appointment my dentist.

Several of the members have come up suggestions of their own.  

comparison, the scheme seems superior to the one reported in this paper.

语法填空。

The company for which Larry worked was to have a newly-made robot  (call) Tony which was experimented with by his wife Claire at home. At the first sight of Tony, Claire felt (alarm). She thought was ridiculous that a robot should look so much like a human his smooth hair, deep voice, tall and handsome body. On the second morning, Tony wanted to help her to dress, which made Claire (embarrass) and she refused him. But later she was glad that Tony could make her home (elegance), give her a new haircut and improve her makeup. (decorate) her home, he also wrote a list of (item) for her to buy. And finally Tony helped Claire to finish all the work. Tony suggested that she (invite) Gladys and her friends to the house the night before he was to leave and Larry was to return. was unbelievable was that Tony didn't want to leave Claire in the end!

阅读理解

Robots performing tasks according to a predetermined set of instructions are nothing new. But robots capable of learning how to do something by watching videos are a completely different thing.

If you have posted a video of your favourite recipe on a popular website, chances are that it will be tried by a robot.

Yiannis Aloimonos, who leads a team that is trying to teach a robot how to reproduce simple tasks by watching videos, said, "There exists a huge amount of video information on the Internet that we can use."

So far, the robot named Julia can pour ingredients, add dressing and mix a simple salad. It learns by breaking each task into basic parts, such as grasping a spoon, bringing it to the bowl, stirring the salad and observing the results. As Julia can see, hear and remember things and then combine those parts to perform certain tasks, Aloimonos said the project can combine all those abilities.

But why teach a robot how to understand a video when it can easily follow a fixed programme? Aloimonos said, "You have a system that is done just for this particular task. And so, it can't generalize (推广). You cannot take it and put it into a different environment. It is not flexible. "

Aloimonos said one of the problems the researchers are trying to solve is how to make the robot understand and use what it learns during the performance of a certain task, the so-called feedback(反馈). Another problem will be the introduction of language.

"I believe it will take quite some time before the robots are able to understand metaphorical(比喻性的) language," he added. But we don't needthatin order to create a new world in which the robots will be working for us.

完形填空

A surveillance(监视) video has become a hit on social media. In the video, cars and taxis in a 1 tunnel(隧道) in Yichang, Hubei Province, are giving 2 to an ambulance.

It was on Monday night. The ambulance was trapped in the traffic jam 3 after entering the Dongshan Tunnel at 7:46 p. m. But when hearing the 4 of the ambulance, many cars and taxis ahead slowed and moved to the sides to make way.

The ambulance, carrying a patient in need of a(n) 5 operation, soon passed through the tunnel by the "life channel" created by the car drivers. 6the "life channel", the patient was sent to the hospital in time and got timely treatments. He and his family 7 their deep appreciation to all those who had made way for the ambulance on the way it had been driven 8.

The ambulance driver said that if the car drivers hadn't given way, he couldn't 9 how long it would have taken him to make it through and how 10 it would have been for the patient. "I usually see such kind behaviour on TV. But when it happened in front of my eyes, I was greatly 11, " he said.

Chinese netizens also expressed their 12 for the drivers. One said, "The city is full of the milk of human kindness and 13 energy." Another 14, "Three years ago, a similar situation also happened in the same tunnel. Be 15 of our city!"