浙江省杭州第二重点中学2021-2022学年高三年级上学期英语模拟考试

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It was late, about 10:15 p.m., when Janice Esposito arrived at the Bellport, New York, train station, jumped into her Honda Odyssey and began the 20 minute drive home to her husband and sever-year-old son. She'd just returned from visiting her mother and had traveled the route so many times. She practically drove on autopilot: a left onto Station Road, then a left on Montauk Highway, and then - wham! Out of nowhere on that awful night, a car T-boned Esposito's minivan, forcing her backward some 100 feet onto the railroad tracks. She sat in the minivan, bruised (淤伤的) but mostly just stunned by the impact and by the vehicle's airbags.

As it happens, Pete DiPinto was getting ready for bed. He'd just closed his book and was crawling under the covers when he heard the high-pitched clang of metal on metal and shattering glass coming from not far outside his bedroom window. A volunteer firefighter and retired teacher, DiPinto, 64, never stopped to think. He grabbed a flashlight and, still dressed in his pajamas, ran out of the door. The first car he came upon, 2,000 feet from his front yard, was the one that had hit Esposito. Once DiPinto concluded the driver was OK, he looked around and spotted Esposito's minivan straddling (横跨) the railroad tracks.

And then he heard an upsetting sound: the bells signaling an oncoming train. "Honey, you're on the railroad tracks," DiPinto shouted to Esposito, "We have to get you off right now!" He yanked on the handle, but the door was smashed in and jammed shut. The heavy diesel (柴油) train, traveling at 65 miles per hour, was hurting toward them. Dipinto ran to the passenger side and threw open the door. He pushed aside the flat airbags, grabbed Esposico's arms, and pulled her toward him across the passenger seat until he could help her out and rapidly walk her to safety behind a signal box a few feet away. Within six seconds, he estimates, the train ploughed into the minivan.

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Bananas and apples continue to ripen after being picked. Cherries and grapes do not. The difference between climacteric (后熟的) and non-climacteric fruits matters to fruit growers and greengrocers, who must ensures their products are in excellent condition when arriving at the marketplace. But how those differences originally came about remains unclear.

In a paper in Biology Letters, Fukano Yuya and Tachiki Yuuya of the University of Tokyo offer a suggestion. Fruits, they observe, exist to solve a problem faced by all plants - how best to spread theirprogenyaround. Wrapping their seeds in a sugary flesh, to provide a tasty meal, serves as a way to got animals to do this for them. They do, however, need to ensure their fruits favour the animals most likely to do the distributing. They propose that climacterism or non-climacterism is a way to achieve this. If ground-living animals are the main distributors, then the continuing ripening of fallen fruit is beneficial. If, by contrast, those distributors are tree-living or flying animals, which can feed on unfallen fruit, then non-climacteric fruits will do well.

To test their idea, the two researchers combed through 276 papers about 80 sorts of fruits. They discovered 35 of these fruits were eaten by both groups of animals. But of those where one group or the other were the dominant consumers, 15 of the 19 eaten mainly by ground-living animals were climacteric.

Their assumption is strengthened by other evidence. They point out non-climacteric fruits tend to have vivid colors which may help them stand out amid the leaves, advertising their presence. Climacteric fruits are generally better hidden, making them harder to spot until they have fallen to the ground.

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Critics of higher education often complain that universities offer too many worthless degrees with little value in the workplace. Since top universities tend to produce higher-earning graduates than less selective institutions do, you might expect them to teach more practical courses. Yet data from Britain's department for education show the opposite. Undergraduate students at leading universities are more likely to study purely academic fields such as philosophy and classics, whereas those at less choosy ones tend to pick career-related topics such as business or nursing.

What could explain this seeming contradiction? One reason is that employers treat a degree from a top university as an indicator of intelligence. This means that students at top institutions can study bookish subjects and still get by financially. The average Cambridge graduate in a creative-arts subject - tho university's least profitable group of courses, including fields such as music - earns around £25, 000 ($32, 400) at age 26. Economics students from less well-known universities, such as Hull, make a similar amount.

Yet even though Oxbridge students can pretend to read "Ulysses" for years and still expect a decent salary, they end up paying a large opportunity cost by pursuing the arts. That is because employers reserve the highest starting wages for students who both attended a leading university and also studied a marketable subject. Cambridge creative-arts graduates earn £11, 000 more at age 26 than do those from Wrexham Glyndwr University, whose arts graduates are the lowest-earning in Britain. In contrast, Cambridge economics graduates make £44, 000 more than those from the University of Salford, where the economics course is the country's least profitable.

Many gifted arts students would struggle to deal with numbers. But for those who can manage both, the cost of sticking with the arts, in terms of future wages, is steep. Cambridge creative-arts students have A-level scores close to those of economics students at Warwick, but earn about half as much. That is equal to giving up an annual income worth £50, 000.

根据短文内容, 从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项. 选项中有两项为多余选项.

Remember your first day of school? How nervous did you feel when entering the class room? Or what about the first time you rode a bike with all of the excitement coursing through your body? These are known as episodic (片段) memories.

A new study published in the journal Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences has shown that certain cells called time cells, make this type of memory possible. As memories are being formed, these time cells put a stamp on the memories. Later, this stamp helps us recount the exact sequence of events and experiences.

The 27 participants in the study had electrodes (电极) placed in their brains, which allowed scientists to measure cell activity in the hippocampus (海马体) and another area involved in the perception of time. Then they were asked to recall the words. During this time, the scientists looked at the activity of different brain cells. They found specific cells that fired signals during each sequence of words.

Gyorgy Buzsaki, a professor at New York University, said the study is important, as it can explain memory problems found in people who suffered damage to their hippocampus. In one experiment, scientists compared the memories of people who had just taken a tour of a college campus. However, those who had suffered damage to this area of the brain were unable to recall the proper sequence of events.

 As of September 2019 , around 50 million people worldwide were suffering from dementia (痴呆) and the number will triple by 2050 , according to the World Health Organization. Such studies will help scientists develop better therapeutic interventions (医疗干预) for people suffering from Alzheimer's disease, the cause of 60 to 70 percent of dementia cases.

A. These cells help us form clear memories in a time order.

B. With these cells, we will be suffering from blurry memories.

C. Those without damage to their hippocampus had similar stories.

D. The number of people suffering from memory disorders is increasing.

E. Some memories stick with us and we can recall them like scenes in a movie.

F. The treatment of diseases like dementia (痴呆) has make a breakthrough recently.

G. They were shown sequences of 12 to 15 words on a computer screen in a period of about 30 seconds.

阅读下面短文，从短文后A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

There's a black walnut (黑胡桃) tree in my backyard. I've been in an 18-year love-hate 1 with it. It's a 2 tree. In late September or early October, falling fruits as hard as baseballs 3 the heads of you. Patio (露台) umbrellas are a must while dining in the garden in early August, and because of the volume of fruit this season, I wear my bike 4 while working in the garden.

The black walnut also releases a chemical substance through its roots as a 5 strategy. It's harmful to several common plants. There have been many new plant varieties that I brought home with 6 that maybe the black walnut would 7 them, but they failed to 8.

Have I thought of getting rid of this giant pain in my 9 backyard? Yes, however, getting rid of this tree standing at 50 feet with an 87 -inch trunk is 10. It's also protected under the law. Rightfully so. Trees are important to the urban forest and for all of those that inhabit it. Trees are 11 to numerous birds and insect species and are essential for keeping our environment 12.

Sometimes I think about my 13 without the black walnut. I can't imagine a spring without the birds who arrive every year and loudly sing their songs before dawn. I'd miss falling asleep on 14 weekend afternoons as I 15 into its leaves before the nuts threaten to fall.

Every spring, I wonder what the season 16 . What are the chances of being knocked 17 while barbecuing? Like any good relationship, I'll never be pleased. I'm 18with this tree, 19 , my walnut offers a home to wildlife and a 20 that acceptance, instead of resistance, is the better way to be.

阅读下面材料, 在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词) 或括号内单词的正确形式.

Scientists have some great news for those who love coffee, tea and wine: Having any of these drinks is associated with a (healthy) and more diverse community of microbes (微生物) living in the gut (肠道).

The opposite is true for consuming sugary drinks and whole milk, as well as for eating a lot of carbohydrates (碳水化合物) and (take) frequent snacks, researchers reported in the journal Science.

"60 food-related factors that influence diversity (find) in an experiment last year," Dr Alexandra Zhernakova, the first author of the study, said in a (state). Your microbiome is the community of mostly beneficial bacteria, fungi (菌类) and viruses that live on and in your body. These microscopic organisms help you process food and regulate your immune system. Experts believe that the make-up of person's microbial community can also play a role mood disorders and other diseases.

But the study of the microbiome is (relative) new, and scientists are still working out exactly  a healthy microbiome looks like.

After analyzing (sample) and comparing them with other data collected, the scientists found that consuming fruits, vegetables and yogurt positively influenced microbial diversity in the gut. did drinking tea, wine, coffee and buttermilk.

假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你班的交换生Jim对中国文学作品感兴趣，准备下学期选修一门相关课程, 向你征询建议。请给Jim写一封邮件, 内容包括:

1）推荐一门选修课;

2）说明推荐的理由;

3）提出学习这门课程的建议。

注意：1）词数 80 左右;

2）可适当增加细节, 以使行文连贯。

阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一个完整的短文。

He woke suddenly and completely. It was 4 a. m. at Christmas, the hour when his father had always called him to get up and help with milking the cow. Strange how the habit of his youth was with him still, even his father had been dead for 40 years. The magic of Christmas for him was a long childhood past, and he was wondering why he felt so awake when his mind went back to his teenage years.

He was 15 years old then and still on his father's farm. A few days before Christmas, he heard what his father was saying to his mother.

"Mary, I hate to call Rob in the mornings. He's growing so fast, and he needs his sleep. I could manage alone."

"Well, you can't, Adam." His mother replied. "Besides, he isn't a child anymore. It's time to take his turn."

When he heard these words, something in him woke: his father loved him so much as had never been thought before. Now that he knew so, there would be no more lying in the mornings waiting to be called. He got up and pulled on his clothes.

On the night before Christmas, he lay thinking about the next day. They were poor, and most of the excitement was in the turkey raised themselves and the mince pies made by his mother. His sisters made presents, and he always saved and bought something for parents.

However, he wished, that Christmas he was fifteen, and that he had a better present for his father than before. He looked out of the window and saw Dad working in a stable. Then a thought struck him: why should he not give his father a special gift out there in the stable? He could get up earlier, quietly go into it and get all the milking done. Then when his father went in to start the milking, he'd see it all done.

注意：

1）续写词数应为150左右；

2）请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。

He had woken up twenty times in the night, looking at his watch for a proper time to start.

……

He went back in his bedroom with only one minute to jump into bed before hearing his father get up.