牛津译林版（2019）选择性必修三高中英语 Unit 2 Out of this world单元测试AB卷

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

Is it your dream to fly and to work in space? Do you want to be a NASA astronaut? Like many jobs, the first thing would be to fill out the application. A record-breaking 18,300 people filled out applications recently when NASA announced it was filling its Astronaut Candidate program. But out of those 18,300 applicants, just 8 to 14 will be hired by the US space agency.

It will take 18 months to decide who will be in the new class of astronauts. NASA will review all of the files, which will later go to its current team of astronauts, to make sure they meet the basic qualifications(技能条件).

The first requirement is that the applicants must be US citizens. They need a college degree in engineering, biological science, physical science, computer science, or mathematics. They also need at least three years of experience in a similar field or at least 1,000 hours as a jet pilot.

There are requirements to pass a physical test. And then there are personality qualities tests as well. What kinds of personalities are NASA looking for in an astronaut? NASA's Selection Manager Anne Roemer said, "I think leadership, teamwork, the ability to not only work on a team, lead a team, but also follow, be a follower on a team. Communication certainly plays a role, so it's some pretty common skill that I think translates into even other professions. "

About 120 applicants will be invited to the Johnson Space Center in Houston, Texas, for a first round of interviews, about half of whom will go back for a second round. Once selected, they must complete two years of training in everything about spaceflight — things like learning about all the systems used by NASA, walking in space and Russian language training. Until the US has a working vehicle to be launched into space, NASA still depends on Russia to get astronauts into space.

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The Mars 2020 rover, which will set off for the Red Planet this year, will not only search for traces of ancient life, butpave the wayfor future human missions, NASA's scientists said on Friday as they introduced the vehicle. The rover has been constructed in a large, sterile room at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena, near Los Angeles, where its driving equipment was given its first successful test last week.

Shown to invited journalists on Friday, it is scheduled to leave Earth in July 2020 from Florida's Cape Canaveral, becoming the fifth US rover to land on Mars seven months later in February.

"It's designed to seek the signs of life, so we're carrying a number of different instruments that will help us understand the geological and chemical situations on the surface of Mars," deputy mission leader Matt Wallace told AFP.

Among the devices aboard the rover are 23 cameras, two "ears" that will allow it to listen to Martian winds, and lasers used for chemical analysis.

Approximately the size of a car, the rover is equipped with six wheels like the former US rover, Curiosity, allowing it to travel along rocky land.

Speed is not a priority for the vehicle, which merely has to cover around 200 yards (about 180 metres) per Martian day—approximately the same as a day on Earth.

Fueled by a tiny nuclear reactor, it has seven-foot-long (about 2 metres) articulated arms and a drill to crack open rock samples in locations scientists identify as potentially suitable for life.

We are hoping to move fairly quickly. We'd like to see the next mission launched in 2026 where the rover will get to Mars, pick up the samples, put them into a rocket and finally bring them back to the Earth, said Wallace. NASA's Mars 2020 rover will remain active for at least one Martian year, which is around two years on Earth.

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Artemis is NASA's new lunar exploration program. Through the Artemis program, NASA will use new technology to study the Moon in new and better ways, and prepare for human missions to Mars.

NASA's new rocket will carry the Orion spacecraft to lunar orbit. Then, astronauts will dock(对接) Orion at a small spaceship called Gateway, from where the crew will take trips to the lunar surface in a new human landing system, and then return to Gateway. The crew will return to the Earth aboard Orion. NASA will test the rocket and spacecraft in flight, and then send a crew for a test flight:

Artemis 1 will be a test flight of the SLS rocket with the Orion spacecraft and with no crew.

Artemis 2 will launch the SLS rocket and Orion with a crew, which will fly past the Moon, then circle it and return to the Earth. This trip will be the farthest one any human has experienced in space.

Artemis 3 will send a crew, including the first woman astronaut and a black astronaut, to the Moon by 2024. The Artemis 3 crew will visit the Moon's South Pole. No one has ever been there.

At the Moon, astronauts will:

Search for the Moon's water and use it.

Learn how to live and work on the surface of another celestial body (天体) where astronauts are just three days' flight from home.

Test the technologies we need before sending astronauts on missions to Mars, which can take an up-to-three-year round trip.

The Moon is a good place to learn new science. NASA will learn more about the Moon, the Earth and even the Sun. The Moon is a "test bed" for Mars. The Moon is a place to show that astronauts will one day be able to work away from the Earth on Mars for long periods of time.

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Katherine Johnson whose life was described in the movie Hidden Figures died on February 24, 2020, aged 101. The 2016 movie describes a real story of a female African-American mathematician who joined the National Aeronautics and Space Administration(NASA) and led a mission to put the first man on the moon in the 1950s when racial discrimination was widespread.

"NASA is deeply saddened by the loss of a leader from our pioneering days," said NASA administrator Jim Bridenstine on the webpage of NASA. "Ms. Johnson helped our nation enlarge the frontiers (边界) of space and she also played an important role in opening doors for women and people of color to explore space. At NASA we will never forget her courage, leadership and the achievements we could not have reached without her. "

Johnson was born in West Virginia in 1918. She graduated from West Virginia State University as a mathematics major and became a teacher at a public school. She was also the first African-American woman to attend graduate school in mathematics at West Virginia University. But less than one year later, she left school to focus on raising children.

Her life changed in 1952 after a long career break. A relative told her about open positions at the all-black West Area Computing section at the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics's Langley laboratory, and she began to work at Langley the next year. NASA depended on humans for complicated aerospace(航空航天) calculation as there was no high-functioning electronic computer. Female mathematicians usually took the job as their salary was lower. Johnson was one of those African-American human computers.

​Johnson was initially in charge of aerospace analysis and assigned to a space development mission launched in 1958. Then she worked for the 1961 suborbital (亚轨道的) flight of astronaut Alan Shepard and the 1962 orbital flight of John Glenn. Johnson continued to participate in missions after she retired in 1986. Her hidden achievements were finally publicized when former U.S. President Barack Obama granted her the Presidential Medal of Freedom in 2015 and her dramatic life was made into a movie.

根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余选项。

    In an online class, developing healthy patterns of communication with professors is very important.  While I have only listed two of each, there are obviously many other situations that can arise. Students should be able to extend the logic (逻辑) of each to their particular circumstance.

    Do's

    • Questions about subject content are generally welcomed. Before asking questions about the course design, read the syllabus (教学大纲) and learning management system information to be sure the answer isn't hiding in plain sight.

    •Participate in discussion forums (论坛), blogs and other open-ended forums for dialogue.  Be sure to stay on topic and not offer irrelevant information. Make a point, and make it safe for others to do the same.

    Don'ts

    •Don't share personal information or stories. Professors are not trained nurses, financial aid experts or your best friends. If you are in need of a deadline extension, simply explain the situation to the professor.

    •Don't openly express annoyance at a professor or class.  When a student attacks a professor on the social media, the language used actually says more about the student. If there is truly a concern about a professor's professionalism or ability, be sure to use online course evaluations to calmly offer your comments.

A. That's what they are for.

B. Turn to an online instructor for help.

C. If more information is needed, they will ask.

D. Remember that online professors get a lot of emails.

E. Below are some common do's and don'ts for online learners.

F. Everyone has taken a not-so-great class at one time or another.

G. Ask questions, but make sure they are good, thoughtful questions.

阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

Many Tuesday mornings I have coffee with my father. Although my father is a man of few words, I really1the time along with him.

One recent Tuesday, I found it a bit2when I rang the doorbell, no one seemed to be home. After climbing in through the window, I3through his home, checking every room. I tried not to4. Yet, upstairs, downstairs, no Dad anywhere.

I was worried.5, my father was seventy-one years old. Anything could have happened to him. Then, I got in my car and drove to my mother's aerobics (有氧运动)  class.

On the drive, I thought a lot about our history together. Suddenly, I was three years old and he was6me up to the living room window to see the Christmas lights. In his7, I was safe and secure. Then I was twelve and my dad was8all the kids at my birthday party with his magic tricks. I was so9of my father for being so talented. He'd made my party a10.

As I entered my mother's class, I was nervous. My mom looked at me in11. "Mom, where's Dad?" I asked, "He's working in the12on the side of the house!" she answered.

And I hurried to my car and13back to the yard. "Hey, Dad!" I yelled out and told him about my fears of the last half hour. And so, as I14the door to my father's house, we went inside for our usual cup of coffee.

Thanks, Daddy, for all the15and more importantly, for all your love.

阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

China Shows First High-definition Pictures of Mars Taken by Tianwen-1

The China National Space Administration made public on March 4, 2021 the first high-definition pictures of Mars taken by the nation's spacecraft.

The pictures — two black-and-white and one colored — were shot (recent) by China's Tianwen-1 robotic probe when spacecraft was travelling in Mars' orbit, according to the administration.

The two black-and-white (image) were taken by the high-definition camera on Tianwen-1's orbiter when the probe was about 330 to 350 kilometers above the Martian surface. The colored picture was generated by another camera on the orbiter, (show) Mars' north pole.

As the first (independence) Mars mission of the country, Tianwen-1 (launch) by a Long March 5 heavy-lift carrier rocket on July 23, 2020 from the Wenchang Space Launch Center in Hainan province, starting the nation's planetary exploration program.

The probe, consists of two major parts — the orbiter and the landing capsule — has successfully landed on Mars.

It entered (it) preset parking orbit above Mars and flew in this orbit for about three months releasing its landing capsule, said the administration.

All of the seven mission payloads (有效载荷) on the orbiter were activated during the probe's stay in the parking orbit (carry) out scientific tasks and also to observe and analyze the landforms(地貌) and weather of the best landing site.

假定你是李华，你校将举办外国学生中文演讲比赛，请给你的英国朋友George写一封邮件邀请他参加。内容包括:

1）比赛时间;

2）演讲话题;

3）报名方式。

注意：

1）词数80左右;

2）可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。

阅读下面短文,根据所给情节进行续写,使之构成一个完整的故事。

Pumpkin (南瓜) carving at Halloween is a family tradition. We visit a local farm every October. In the pumpkin field, I compete with my three brothers and sister to seek out the biggest pumpkin. Mydadhas a rule that we have to carry our pumpkins back home, and as the eldest child I have an advantage — I carried an 85-pounder back last year.

This year, it was hard to tell whether my prize or the one chosen by my 14-year-old brother,Jason, was the winner. Unfortunately we forgot to weigh them before taking out their insides, but I was determined to prove my point. All of us were hard at work at the kitchen table, with mymomfilming the annual event. I'm unsure now why I thought forcing myheadinside the pumpkin would settle the matter, but it seemed to make perfect sense at the time.

With the pumpkin resting on the table, hole uppermost, I bent over and pressed my head against the opening. At first I got jammed just above my eyes and then, as I went on with my task, unwilling to quit, mynosebriefly prevented entry. Finally Imanagedto put my whole head into it, like a cork(软木塞) forced into a bottle. I was able to straighten up with the huge pumpkin resting on my shoulders.

My excitement was short-lived. The pumpkin was heavy. "I'm going to set it down, now," I said, and with Jason helping tosupportits weight, I bent back over the table to give it somewhere torest. It was only when I tried to remove my head that I realized getting out was going to be less straightforward than getting in. When Ipulledhard, my nose got in the way. I got into a panic as I pressed firmly against the table and moved my head around trying to find the right angle, but it was no use. "I can't get it out!" I shouted, my voice sounding unnaturally loud in the enclosed space.

注意：

1）所续写短文的词数应为150左右;

2）至少使用5个短文中标有下划线的关键词语;

3）续写部分分为两段,每段的开头语已为你写好;

4）续写完成后,请用下划线标出你所使用的关键词语。

I was stuck for five or six minutes though it felt much longer.

That video was posted the day before Halloween.