苯硫酚
![](https://math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmo%3E%28%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmsub%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmtext%3EC%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmn%3E6%3C%2Fmn%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmsub%3E%3Cmsub%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmtext%3EH%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmn%3E5%3C%2Fmn%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmsub%3E%3Cmo%3E%E2%88%92%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmtext%3ES%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3Cmtext%3EH%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmo%3E%29%3C%2Fmo%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
是一种局部麻醉剂。某小组拟制备苯硫酚并探究其性质,已知相关物质的部分信息如下表所示:
物质 | 化学式 | 相对分子质量 | 熔点/![](https://math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmtext%3E%E2%84%83%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E) | 沸点/![](https://math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmtext%3E%E2%84%83%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E) | 相对密度 | 溶解性 |
苯硫酚 | ![](https://math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmsub%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmtext%3EC%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmn%3E6%3C%2Fmn%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmsub%3E%3Cmsub%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmtext%3EH%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmn%3E5%3C%2Fmn%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmsub%3E%3Cmtext%3ES%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3Cmtext%3EH%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
| 110 | ![](https://math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmo%3E%E2%88%92%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmn%3E1%3C%2Fmn%3E%3Cmn%3E4%3C%2Fmn%3E%3Cmn%3E.%3C%2Fmn%3E%3Cmn%3E8%3C%2Fmn%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
| 169.5 | 1.07 | 难溶于水 |
苯磺酰氯 | ![](https://math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmsub%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmtext%3EC%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmn%3E6%3C%2Fmn%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmsub%3E%3Cmsub%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmtext%3EH%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmn%3E5%3C%2Fmn%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmsub%3E%3Cmtext%3EC%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3Cmtext%3El%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3Cmsub%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmtext%3EO%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmn%3E2%3C%2Fmn%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmsub%3E%3Cmtext%3ES%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
| 176.5 | 14.5 | 251 | 1.38 | 难溶于水 |
![](http://tikupic.21cnjy.com/2022/05/30/24/8c/248c0d6a3316545564a2eb8e13e96b0e_520x159.png)
操作步骤:
①向三口烧瓶中加入
冰和
浓硫酸。
②再向三口烧瓶中慢慢加入
苯磺酰氯,尽快地分次加入
锌粉,继续反应
, 温度保持在
左右,如图1。
③撤去水浴B,微热三口烧瓶,并保持一定的回流。反应平稳后,再加热
。
④将反应后的混合液进行水蒸气蒸馏,分出苯硫酚,如图2。
⑤加入氯化钙,经操作X得粗品
。再进行蒸馏,收集馏分,得纯品
。
回答下列问题: