黑龙江省哈尔滨市三中2020-2021学年高三上学期期末英语试题

阅读理解

Outlook

Featuring the same 6. 1-inch display size as the iPhone 11 and iPhone XR before it, iPhone 12 is making the transition from an LCD screen to OLED. With flat aluminum (铝) sides for an overall look, it more closely matches the iPad Pro and iPad Air. Aside from the flat sides, iPhone 12 still largely resembles the iPhone 11. Around back, it has two cameras housed in a glass circle, which makes for a nice contrast with the rest of the smooth back panel. To avoid being broken or cracked when dropped, iPhone 12 is covered with what Apple describes as a "ceramic (陶瓷)shield".

Camera

The iPhone 12 has a 12-megapixel f/1. 6 main camera — the fastest aperture (光圈) in any iPhone yet. The low-light performance has improved, and It's advancements in computational photography to maximize detail and dynamic range has also been achieved. The front camera on the iPhone 12 is gaining Night Mode, as well.

Processor

iPhone 12 is powered by the company's new A14 Bionic processor, which is the first smart phone chip built on a 5nm process, leading to improved performance and efficiency. It's claimed that the processor is up to 50 percent faster than the leading chips in Android smart phones.

Wireless Charging

To improve wireless charging on the iPhone 12, it contains a "MagSafe" system with built-in magnets to guarantee that the iPhone 12 properly lines up with the MagSafe accessories (配件).

阅读理解

My favorite novel is Albert Camus's The Plague(鼠疫). It was published in 1947, after Word WarⅡ.

On the surface, it's a story about an Algerian coastal town threatened by a mysterious plague. But the symbolic idea works on the concrete presentation of a metaphysical(形而上学的) problem, which is the cruel fact of suffering. Like the plague, it's just a thing that happens in the world whether we want it to or not. Camus's novel asks if we can think of suffering not as an individual burden but as a shared experience—and maybe turn it into something positive.

The key is to recognize the universality of suffering. A plague is an extraordinary event and the horror it results in is extraordinary, too. But suffering is anything but extraordinary. Every day you leave the house, something terrible could happen. The same is true for all. All of us are subject to forces over which we have no control.

A pandemic(大流行病) forces us to think about our responsibilities to the people around us. The hero of The Plague is a committed doctor named Rieux. From the very beginning, Rieux devotes himself to resisting the plague that united It's victims. Each character in the story is defined(刻画) by what they do when the plague comes. No one escapes it, but those who reduce the suffering of others are the most fulfilled. The onlyvillainsare those who cannot see beyond themselves. The plague, for these people, is either an excuse to flee or an opportunity to make profIt's. Because they can't see that their condition is shared, a spirit of unity is completely foreign to them. And that blindness makes community impossible.

At the very end of The Plague, Camus stated his philosophy that the struggle against suffering is never over for good. The plague will return, and so will everything else that upsets humans. But the point of the book is that a shared struggle is what makes community possible in the first place.

A pandemic, terrible though it is, highlights our mutual interdependence in a way that only tragedy can. The beauty of The Plague is that it asks the reader to map the lessons of the pandemic onto everyday life. The principles that drive the hero, Rieux, are the same principles that make every society worthwhile—understanding, love and unity.

If we learn these lessons, in a moment of crisis, we'll all be better off on the other side of it.

阅读理解

For years, the U. S. has experienced a shortage of registered nurses. The Bureau of Labor Statistics projects that while the number of nurses will increase by 19 percent by 2022, demand will grow faster than supply, and that there will be over one million unfilled nursing jobs by then.

So what's the solution? Robots.

Japan is ahead of the curve when it comes to this trend. Toyohashi University of Technology has developed Terapio, a robotic medical cart that can make hospital rounds, deliver medications and other items. It follows a specific individual, such as a doctor or nurse, who can use it to record and access patient data. This type of robot will likely to be one of the first to beimplementedin hospitals because it has fairly minimal patient contact.

A robot's appearance affects It's ability to successfully interact with humans, which is why the RIKEN-TRI Collaboration Center for Human-Interactive Robot Research decided to develop a robotic nurse called Acntroid F. It is so human-like that some patients may not know the difference. This conversational robot companion has cameras in It's eyes, which allow it to track patients and use appropriate facial expressions and body language in It's interactions. During a month-long hospital trial, researchers asked 70 patients how they felt being around the robot and "only three or four said they didn't like having it around".

It's important to note that robotic nurses don't decide courses of treatment or make diagnoses. Instead, they perform routine and laborious tasks, freeing nurses up to attend to patients with immediate needs. This is one industry where it seems the interaction of robots will lead to collaboration, not replacement.

阅读理解

A doctor named Chepurnov from Siberia conducted a controversial coronavirus immunity test after surviving COVID-19 in March. The 68-year-old Russian doctor spent time with coronavirus-positive patients without wearing a mask to see if he could get a second COVID-19 infection. The doctor was infected a second time and experienced a worse COVID-19 case than he had previously.

This unusual coronavirus immunity test can easily be filed under the "only in Russia" section of COVID-19 news. Only in Russia was a coronavirus vaccine approved for mass use before any scientific research was shared with the world and before the drug cleared the Phase 3 trial. The story gets even crazier, considering the doctor's age. At 68-years-old, Alexander Chepurnov happens to be the kind of COVID-19 patient most at risk of developing a severe case.

Even so, Chepurnov's controversial experiment isn't without worth. It's certainly the kind of experiment that others wouldn't necessarily approve of, especially in western countries. But it's the kind of experiment that can yield results — and Chepurnov did get his wish. He was reinfected with COVID- 19 within six months from the first bout. Chepurnov and his research team started to monitor his antibodies. He discovered that they vanished after three months. "The observation showed a fairly rapid decrease," he told the paper. "By the end of the third month from the start of the disease,theyceased to be determined. " This falls in line with other studies about COVID-19 antibody life.

Chepurnov's story also seems to fall in line with other studies that say immunity can last for at least 5-7 months. The story also proves that immunity lasts even after the antibodies are gone and suggests that other immune system components are indeed involved in providing prolonged protection. Others theorized that T cells would extend immunity beyond the life of the first batch of antibodies. Chepurnov's empirical findings are also important for vaccine research. If immunity lasts less than a year, more booster shots (加强针剂) might be needed after the initial doses.

But Newsweek points out a problem with the experiment. Because his first case of COVID-19 hasn't been diagnosed via a PCR test. Also, Chepurnov's experiment hasn't been published in a scientific journal, and it's unclear what scientific rigors were applied. Still, if his findings are accurate, Chepurnov is actually right to warn against using a herd immunity approach to beat the pandemic.

阅读理解

Whether it's Chinese social media like Sina Weibo, or Western media like Instagram an Facebook, videos can go viral in mere hours.

The wide range of viral videos suggests that popular concepts are largely random. After all, what links the recent broom challenge to funny internet cat videos?

According to scientists from Stanford University, US, the popularity of a video can be predicted by looking at how certain areas of a person's brain react within the first few seconds of a video. This method has been called neuroforecasting (神经预测) .

The team made the finding by recruiting (招募) 36 volunteers to watch a range of videos while being scanned with an FMRI—a machine that can monitor the changes in blood oxygen and flow.

Participants were shown 32 different videos and were monitored according to their brain responses in four different areas. The results showed that specific brain activity during the first four seconds of a video could effectively predict a person's thoughts on a video and whether they would keep watching.

Using the FMRI results, the Stanford team consistently saw increased activity in the nucleus accumbens (伏核) and decreased activity in the anterior insula (前脑岛) parts of the brain while the participants were watching the most popular of the 32-vidco selection.

According to the study, these two brain regions are related to the feeling of expectation we get when we're not certain of something's outcome.

Stanford neuroscientist (神经学家) and the study's author Brian Knutson said: "If we examine our subjects' choices to watch the video or even their reported responses to the videos, they don't tell us about the general response online . . . Only brain activity seems to forecast a video's popularity on the internet. "

He added, “Future research might also systematically analyze the video content, so content creators can use these findings to make their videos more popular. "

In the future, the team aims to use this type of FMRI experiment to understand "whether processes that generate individual choice can tell us something about choices made by large groups of people". According to Knutson, this could apply to shopping trends, charity support and general money-spending.

任务型阅读

If you're a procrastinator(拖延的人), you're familiar with the pain and stress that goes hand in hand with leaving things to the last minute. Even if you want to accomplish or finish a task, you're likely having trouble getting started in the first place!

Change your mind. Stop punishing yourself for procrastinating. The more stressed out you are, the harder it'll be to get your work done. Don't be angry with yourself. Just move on and focus on what you've got to do instead. Wasting time yelling at yourself for not starting that 2, 000-word essay two weeks ago will only make you extra tired and frustrated. It will also stress you out, likely making it impossible for you to finish your assignment at that time.

Avoid a long disorganized to-do list. This is just setting yourself up for failure. Instead, create subcategories like "Home", "Work", "Family", and "Fun"

and just try to cross off a few entries from each list every day.

Do most important task for 15 minutes. Instead of thinking about the total number of hours you're about to work for, just start. Tell yourself you've only got to do it for 15 minutes. Once you come up for air, take a two-minute break. Then start up on another set of 15 minutes of work.

It can be scary to think about finishing a whole essay or getting through an entire week's worth of tasks. Instead of thinking about everything you have to do like one big obstacle, break it all down into tiny pieces.

A. Break tasks down into small pieces.

B. Never think about the past experiences.

C. Guilt and regret are negative emotions.

D. However, there is always some time when you can't pull through.

E. If 15 minutes still sounds too frightening, do something for just 3 minutes.

F. Thus, you'll be able to get started on the smallest piece and go forward from there.

G. Hopefully, there are several strategies that can help you stop procrastinating right now.

完形填空

In storm-ravaged (风暴肆虐的) Santa Clarita, California, last March, Martinez approached Runner Road carefully. A 1 creek(小溪) had flooded it. Martinez, driving a Toyota SUV, 2 he'd be OK. Big 3. Halfway across, the rushing waters grabbed hold of his vehicle, sweeping it off the road. It finally 4 a good 80 feet away, when the 5 somehow lifted the SUV and put it into the ground at a 45-degree angle. Shaken, and trapped inside with the water rising quickly, Martinez was certain he was going to 6.

On the road right behind Martinez were a delivery 7 and his niece. They 8 the horror unfold, and when Martinez's SUV came to 9 in the middle of the pouring creek, the man leaped to 10. First, he grabbed heavy-duty (结实的) 11 from the back of his van and tied the unsteady SUV to 12 posts. Then he climbed on the top of Martinez's 13 and hit a rear window with his fists. Frustrated, he 14 to his niece and yelled, "Give me a 15!"

Over and over he hit the rock into the 16 very hard, but in vain. “We were scared that something else was going to come down and take the SUV, take him, take my uncle," Krystina Reyes, 27, said. But her uncle's name was not publicly known.

Reyes's uncle shouted to Martinez to 17 away from the window. He 18 and threw the rock. 19, the glass broke. Soon, a soaked Martinez went out of the window, and the men escaped to dry land.

Martinez was saved by a(n) 20 delivery driver.

When a Costco customer walks in the door, he or she expects that the products will be                     high quality and offered at a low price.

In the darkness of night, I could just             a tall, pale, shadowy figure struggling through the woods.

Competition forces them always to                         the latest technology, which both increases output and puts pressure on prices.

Hawking believes the earth is unlikely to be the only planet                       life has developed gradually.

With appropriate measures controlling the outbreak of COVID-19, China's economy is           again.

He was born in an extended family. His family,                     is richer than mine.

It's always a good idea to take a map when in a strange city as it helps you to _________.

It is through decades of hard work       China has progressed to a new stage.

—Is there a hospital nearby? I hurt my ankle, and cannot move now.

—It's about 3 blocks away. I _____ you there.

Passengers _____ talk to the driver while the bus is moving, because it will take his focus off the road.

Most of the transparent animals are extremely                      and can be damaged by a simple touch.

The boss in the end decided to give the position to                  he believed had a good command of Chinese.

His well-paid job                 five thousand dollars a month for his family.

Legends                       it that the lake was formed by the tear of a goddess.

The news of the earthquake           when a large quantity of relief supplies ______ to the disaster-stricken area.

By doing so, you can ________ more information and details about the topic, and better understand it.

To ensure the safety of the passengers and improve the traffic conditions, a new law has                since January 1^st, 2021.

My friends develop the                         and sort the best images.

I know the dinner with your boss will be boring, but if you get an important phone call during meal, it is easier to                                .

阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

People will connect to their cultural group through similar food patterns. Immigrants often use food as means of keeping their identity. People from different backgrounds eat different food. The areas  families live influence food likes and dislikes.

Food items themselves have meaning  (attach) to them. In many Western countries, a box of chocolate would be viewed as an appropriate gift. The receiver of the gift would react  (different) to a gift of cabbages or carrots. In other countries, however, chocolate might be a less appropriate gift.

Nations or countries are often linked  certain food. For example, many people think of Italy when eating pizza. Some families in the United States prefer to eat meat and potatoes. Grit's (粗玉米粉) (eat) by families in the southern United States.

 (region) food habIt's do exist, but they also change over time. Families move to other locations, (bring) their food preferences with them. They may use some local  (ingredient) to try their old recipes, or experiment with new recipes. Because people and food are mobile, trying to define a country's culture by what they eat is often  (accurate).

假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文 中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修 改。

增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。

删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。

修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。

注意：1．每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；

2．只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。

I can still remember I was once asked to make a speech before the whole class by the age of 9. You can imagine how shy I was when I thought of that with so many eyes fixing on me. I had no choice but prepare for it, though. The hardest part was my oral presentation from my memory, because reading from the paper wasn't allowed. The real moment began when I stood on the platform with my legs trembled. And my listeners were waiting patient. Gradually, I found me back, giving my speech at last. After what seemed to be a long time, I heard the listener applauding loudly. Ever since then, my fear of speaking before a big audience had disappeared. Actually, now I've become great speaker!

假定你是李华，你的美国朋友Peter来信向你讲述SAT考试在即，他感到压力很大。 请按着以下要点给他写一封回信，安慰并预祝他取得好成绩。要点如下：

1）面对压力的正确态度；

2）分享缓解压力的做法。

注意：1）词数100左右；

2）可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。