福建省宁德市一中2022-2023学年高一下学期开学考试英语试题

阅读理解

If you are planning to start a career in the field of education, science, or culture, then an internship (实习) at UNESCO will be ideal for you.

Who can apply?

You have completed your full-time university studies; or.

You are studying in a graduate program for a master's degree.

Applicants in technical assignments must have reached the last year of their studies in a technical institution.

What are the requirements?

You must be at least 20 years old.

You should have a good command (掌握) of either English or French.

You must have an excellent knowledge of office-related software.

You should be able to work well in a team and adapt to an international working environment.

You should possess strong interpersonal and communication skills.

What do you need to prepare?

Visa: You should obtain the necessary visas.

Travel: You must arrange and finance your travel to and from the location where you will do your internship.

Medical insurance: You must show proof of a comprehensive health insurance valid (有效的) in the target country for the entire period of the internship. UNESCO will provide limited insurance coverage up to USD30, 000 for the internship period.

Medical certificate: You must provide a medical certificate indicating you are fit to work.

Motivation letter: You should have your motivation letter ready before filling out the application form.

Your application will be accessed by UNESCO managers and will stay in our database for six months. We do not respond to every candidate. If selected, you will be contacted by a manager. If you do not receive any update within six months, it means that your application has not been successful.

阅读理解

In 1823, a young woman noticed a strange fossil (化石) on a beach near Lyme Regis, England. She dug out the bones and had them carried to her home. She carefully arranged the skeleton(骨架) on a table. Then she saw something extraordinary. The creature's neck was a meter long-more than half the length of its body. It was unlike any animal living on Earth.

Even at a young age, Mary Anning had a talent for spotting unusual fossils. Her father died in 1810, leaving her family in. debt, so Mary began selling her fossils to collectors. At 12, she made her first major discovery—a crocodile-like skull(头骨) with a long skeleton. It turned out to be a sea creature that lived long ago. Named ichthyosaur, or "fish-lizard", it was the first extinct animal known to science.

Fossil hunting brought in money, but it was a dangerous job. One day, a rock fall killed her dog and almost buried Mary. Despite the dangers, she continued to look for mew finds The long-necked fossil she unearthed in 1823 was another long-dead sea reptile(爬行动物). Known as a plesiosaur, it would inspire legends—including that of the Loch Ness Monster.

Mary was not only a skilled fossil hunter; she also carefully examined and recorded her finds. However, she wasn't widely recognized in the scientific community. Only one of her scientific writings got published in her lifetime, in 1839. She was also not allowed to join London's Geological Society, as membership was only available to men.

Mary Anning died in 1847, but her contributions have not been forgotten. Her finds are now displayed in museums in London and Paris. The beach near her home is a UNFSCO World Heritage Site, known as the Jurassic Coast. Her life continues to inspire visitors hoping to find their own fossil wonders. According to Britain's Natural History Museum, Mary Anning was "tho greatest fossil hunter the world has ever known".

阅读理解

Languages have been coming and going for thousands of years, but in recent times there has been less coming and a lot more going. When the world was still populated by hunter-gatherers, small, tightly knit(联系) groups developed their own patterns of speech independent of each other. Some language experts believe that 10, 000 years ago, when the world had just five to ten million people, they spoke perhaps 12, 000 languages between them.

Soon afterwards, many of those people started settling down to become farmers, and their languages too became more settled and fewer in number. In recent centuries, trade, industrialization, the development of the nation-state and the spread of universal compulsory education, especially globalisation and better communications in the past few decades, all have caused many languages to disappear, and dominant languages such as English, Spanish and Chinese are increasingly taking over. At present, the world has about 6, 800 languages. The distribution of these languages is hugely uneven. The general rule is that mild zones have relatively few languages. Often spoken by many people while hot, wet zones have lots, often spoken by small numbers. Europe has only around 200

Languages: the Americas about 1, 000, Africa 2, 400; and Asia and the Pacific perhaps 3, 200, of which Papua New Guinea alone accounts for well over 800. The median number(中位数) of speakers is a mere 6, 000, which means that half the worlds languages are spoken by fewer people than that. Already well over 400 of the total of 6, 800 languages are close to extinction(消亡), with only a  few elderly speakers left. Pick, at random, Busuu in Cameroon (eight remaining speakers), Chiapaneco in Mexico (150). Lipan Apache in the United States (two or three) or Wadjigu in Australia (one, with a question-mark): none of these seems to have much chance of survival.

根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

Forgiveness

To forgive is a virtue, but no one has ever said it is easy. When someone has deeply hurt you, it can be extremely difficult to let go of your hate. However, forgiveness is possible, and it can be surprisingly beneficial to your physical and mental health. People who forgive show less sadness, anger and stress and more hopefulness, according to a recent research.

Try the following steps:

Calm yourself. You can take a couple of breaths and think of something that gives you pleasure: a beautiful scene in nature, or someone you love.

Don't wait for an apology. Many times the person who hurt you does not intend to apologize. They may have wanted to hurt you or they just don't see things the same way. Keep in mind that forgiveness does not necessarily mean becoming friends again with the person who upset you.

Take the control away from your offender (冒犯者). Rethinking about your hurt gives power to the person who causes you pain. Instead of focusing on your wounded feelings, learn to look for the love, beauty and kindness around you.

If you understand your offender, you may realize that he or she was acting out of unawareness, fear, and even love. You may want to write a letter to yourself from your offender's point of view.

Don't forget to forgive yourself. But it can rob you of your self- confidence if you don't do it.

A. Why should you forgive?

B. How should you start to forgive?

C. Recognize the benefits of forgiveness.

D. Try to see things from your offender's angle (角度).

E. For some people, forgiving themselves is the biggest challenge.

F. If you wait for people to apologize, you could be waiting a long time.

G. To make your anger die away, try a simple stress-management technique.

完形填空

A week ago, my daughter said, "Mom, I don't think I'm very athletic."

I've observed her in various sports, and she is just like me: two left feet. But even knowing it, my first instinct (本能) was to snow her with some1"Oh, you're actually good at sports!"

I held back, however, and after thinking twice, I told her the2: "No, you're kind of not."

And I could see it hurt a bit. So I3: "Dear, everyone may have a natural talent for something. Like you and4: You're a 5th grader and read Charles Dickens. But we also have things we are not5. If we want to reach a satisfactory level at those things, we have to6twice the effort and if we want to7we need to try even harder. "

She was nodding. She totally8it. Why? Because it's the truth. Sometimes I wonder why we run around telling our kids some rubbish that don't even9when they can actually accept the truth. Besides, when they realize we are lying, we10our credibility.

I want my kids to have a11understanding of themselves so they won't be12when things get tough. They can be Olympians, but nobody is going to band it to them and 13 may work against them. They will understand that many things14a nearly huge amount of WORK. They can't just expect something to happen. They15it happen.

阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

Earthquakes are quite common. In fact, thousands of earthquakes are happening almost at every moment. However, most of(they) are too weak to feel. During a big earthquake, there is often a big noise first. Then the earth shakes

 (terrible) and many houses fall down. As one of the most deadly natural disasters in the world, the earthquake often result  many people being injured or killed. In 2008, a terrible earthquake  (strike) China's Sichuan Province, causing severe casualties.

Besides the great damage and deaths  (cause) by the earthquake, other accidents such as fires often follow. More buildings may be damaged and more injuries may be caused. For  (century), people have been making studies of earthquakes. About 2, 000 years ago, for example,  Chinese scientist named Zhang Heng invented a machine  could find out the direction where, the earthquake waves came.

With the rapid  (develop) of modern science and technology, we now know a lot more about earthquakes. However, it is still difficult for scientists  (predict) exactly when and where the earthquake will happen, and can't stop it from happening.

选择适当的短语并用正确的形式补全句子，使句子完整。（其中有2项是多余的）

However, dangerous conditions and damaged roads will make it difficult to d food and supplies.

As China plays a greater role in g affairs, more and more international students are beginning to appreciate China's culture and history.

Symbols were c on animal bones and shells by ancient Chinese people.

Only when we learn to exist in h with nature can we stop being a threat to wildlife and our planet.

Does the writer give a clear (描述) of the problem?

你的英国朋友Jim所在的学校要组织学生来中国旅行，有两条线路可以选择："长江之行"或者 "泰山之旅"。Jim来信希望你能给些建议。请你给他回信，内容包括：

1）你推荐的线路；2）你的理由；3）你的祝愿。

2）可适当添加细节，使行文连贯 3）如书写较差影响理解，降一个档次给分。

注意：字数在 100 左右

参考词

长江: the Yangtze River

泰山 Mount Tai

阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。

Several years ago, I was living in New York and working for an airline, so I never got back home for Christmas. My Christmas was happy too with some other colleagues around. But in my heart, I was sad because I couldn't stay with my family. Sometimes my colleagues would say our Christmas was filled with tears. But this Christmas was different. I was lucky. I had the whole day off, which meant I could stay with my family on Christmas Eve. When Christmas morning came, I awoke to a small hand feeling my face. "Dad, Merry Christmas!" was all my younger son had time to say. He seemed to be racing against time. I knew he was hunting for gifts with his brother eagerly. I got downstairs just to see the two little boys' faces as they looked at the pocket rockets Santa Claus had left them. I realized that the real Christmas was for the children who had deep belief in the amazing power of Santa Claus. At first, their fingers went almost shyly over their toys. When their inspection (检阅) had been completed, the two boys ensured that the gifts were really delivered by Santa Claus and they pulled everything into the center of the living room.

Delight flooded the room. As their mother began giving out gifts, I smiled to myself, wondering how my unexpected gifts this year would be received. With so many Christmas spent outside, I had prepared so many gifts for my children and together with my wife I hid them in several secret places. But the children were excellent detectives (侦探) and they found all of them. They were happily opening packages, thanking considerate Santa Claus for his kindness and ability to know their desires. But I had not received a single one. I knew they had forgotten my existence (存在), for I hadn't been with them during Christmas these years.

注意：

1）所续写短文的词数应为 150 左右；

2）续写部分分为两段，可适当补充细节，使情节完整；

3）每段的开头语已为你写好，不计入总词数。

Paragraph 1: 

I had to say that my disappointment was growing little by little.

Paragraph 2: 

Suddenly my wife walked up to me.