用求差法比较大小 学习了不等式的知识后,我们根据等式和不等式的基本性质,可知比较两个数或式子的大小可以通过求它们的差来判断.如果两个数或式子为m和n,那么 当 时,一定有 ; 当 时,一定有 ; 当 时,一定有 . 反过来也符合题意,即 当 时,一定有 ; 当 时,一定有 ; 当 时,一定有 . 因此,我们经常把要比较的对象先数量化,再求它们的差,根据差的正负判断对象的大小.这种比较大小的方法被称为“求差法”. 例如:已知 , 比较 与 的大小. 解: ![](https://math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmfrac%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmi%3Ea%3C%2Fmi%3E%3Cmo%3E%E2%88%92%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmi%3Ec%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmi%3Eb%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmfrac%3E%3Cmo%3E%E2%88%92%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmfrac%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmi%3Eb%3C%2Fmi%3E%3Cmo%3E%E2%88%92%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmi%3Ec%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmi%3Ea%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmfrac%3E%3Cmo%3E%3D%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmfrac%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmi%3Ea%3C%2Fmi%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmo%3E%28%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmi%3Ea%3C%2Fmi%3E%3Cmo%3E%E2%88%92%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmi%3Ec%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmo%3E%29%3C%2Fmo%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmo%3E%E2%88%92%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmi%3Eb%3C%2Fmi%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmo%3E%28%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmi%3Eb%3C%2Fmi%3E%3Cmo%3E%E2%88%92%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmi%3Ec%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmo%3E%29%3C%2Fmo%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmi%3Ea%3C%2Fmi%3E%3Cmi%3Eb%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmfrac%3E%3Cmo%3E%3D%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmfrac%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmsup%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmi%3Ea%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmn%3E2%3C%2Fmn%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmsup%3E%3Cmo%3E%E2%88%92%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmi%3Ea%3C%2Fmi%3E%3Cmi%3Ec%3C%2Fmi%3E%3Cmo%3E%E2%88%92%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmsup%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmi%3Eb%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmn%3E2%3C%2Fmn%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmsup%3E%3Cmo%3E%2B%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmi%3Eb%3C%2Fmi%3E%3Cmi%3Ec%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmi%3Ea%3C%2Fmi%3E%3Cmi%3Eb%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmfrac%3E%3Cmo%3E%3D%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmfrac%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmo%3E%28%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmsup%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmi%3Ea%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmn%3E2%3C%2Fmn%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmsup%3E%3Cmo%3E%E2%88%92%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmsup%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmi%3Eb%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmn%3E2%3C%2Fmn%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmsup%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmo%3E%29%3C%2Fmo%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmo%3E%E2%88%92%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmo%3E%28%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmi%3Ea%3C%2Fmi%3E%3Cmo%3E%E2%88%92%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmi%3Eb%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmo%3E%29%3C%2Fmo%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmi%3Ec%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmi%3Ea%3C%2Fmi%3E%3Cmi%3Eb%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmfrac%3E%3Cmo%3E%3D%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmfrac%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmo%3E%28%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmi%3Ea%3C%2Fmi%3E%3Cmo%3E%E2%88%92%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmi%3Eb%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmo%3E%29%3C%2Fmo%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmo%3E%28%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmi%3Ea%3C%2Fmi%3E%3Cmo%3E%2B%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmi%3Eb%3C%2Fmi%3E%3Cmo%3E%E2%88%92%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmi%3Ec%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmo%3E%29%3C%2Fmo%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmi%3Ea%3C%2Fmi%3E%3Cmi%3Eb%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmfrac%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E) ∵ , ∴ , , , ∴ , ∴ . “求差法”的实质是把两个数(或式子)的大小判断的问题,转化为一个数(或式子)与0的大小比较的问题.一般步骤为①作差;②变形;③判断符号;④得出结论. |