我国古代天文学确定方向的方法中蕴藏了平行线的作图法.如《淮南子天文训》中记载:“正朝夕:先树一表东方;操一表却去前表十步,以参望日始出北廉.日直入,又树一表于东方,因西方之表,以参望日方入北康.则定东方两表之中与西方之表,则东西也.”如图,用几何语言叙述作图方法:已知直线a和直线外一定点O,过点O作直线与a平行.(1)以O为圆心,单位长为半径作圆,交直线a于点M,N;(2)分别在
![](https://math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmi%3EM%3C%2Fmi%3E%3Cmi%3EO%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
的延长线及
![](https://math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmi%3EO%3C%2Fmi%3E%3Cmi%3EN%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
上取点A,B,使
![](https://math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmi%3EO%3C%2Fmi%3E%3Cmi%3EA%3C%2Fmi%3E%3Cmo%3E%3D%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmi%3EO%3C%2Fmi%3E%3Cmi%3EB%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
;(3)连接
![](https://math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmi%3EA%3C%2Fmi%3E%3Cmi%3EB%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
, 取其中点C,过O,C两点确定直线b,则直线
![](https://math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmi%3Ea%3C%2Fmi%3E%3Cmtext%3E%E2%88%A5%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3Cmi%3Eb%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
. 按以上作图顺序,若
![](https://math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmo%3E%E2%88%A0%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmi%3EM%3C%2Fmi%3E%3Cmi%3EN%3C%2Fmi%3E%3Cmi%3EO%3C%2Fmi%3E%3Cmo%3E%3D%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmn%3E3%3C%2Fmn%3E%3Cmn%3E5%3C%2Fmn%3E%3Cmo%3E%C2%B0%3C%2Fmo%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
, 则
![](https://math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmo%3E%E2%88%A0%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmi%3EA%3C%2Fmi%3E%3Cmi%3EO%3C%2Fmi%3E%3Cmi%3EC%3C%2Fmi%3E%3Cmo%3E%3D%3C%2Fmo%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
( )