北京市门头沟区2024届高三下学期3月一模英语试题

阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

I was preparing for dinner with my husband when our daughter Rikki stormed into the sitting room and marched to the sofa. I glanced out of the window and saw our neighbor Lexi walking slowly back to her house with her head down, looking so 1 .

"Why didn't Lexi stay longer?" I asked her.

"I don't want to play with her," Rikki complained, "I wish she would stop coming over here all the time. Her dress looks terrible and smells disgusting. Everyone in our class chooses to2 her."

"That's not her3 , Rikki. Maybe she doesn't have anyone to help her." I said.

"You see, baby," her father began to say, "I really know how she felt when you showed your4 to her because I had the same experience when I was a kid. I was the poor kid with hand-me-down clothes, the kid who others looked down on. That5 never goes away." He told her he wanted her to be kind and6 , not judgmental and hurtful. Tears were streaming down her face.

Then we 7 Lexi to come over and have dinner with us. I remembered Lexi coming in all smiles. We gathered together and soon I saw the girls talking and 8 .They had a great time. I could even see a sweet glow in Rikki's eyes.

Rikki began to think 9 from that day on. Lexi came over a few times after that. They became good friends.

Today, Rikki has a heart of gold. She is always the first to welcome those whom

others might 10 and is generous in helping others. I truly believe that day made a major difference in the person she has become today.

语法填空（短文）

When he was 7 years old, Francis Kere left his family to attend school because his village did not have one of (it) own. Thirteen years later, he moved to Germany. He dreamed of returning home to build the classroom that didn't then exist. In 2001, Kere completed his first school (build). He then (creative)transformed his village and other communities in Africa. In 2022, he won "Nobel Prize in architecture", the Pritzker Prize.

语法填空（短文）

To develop a snack we all know and love, companies have to work out people have an appetite for. Today, companies often ask customers to choose the flavors they fancy on apps, (lbok) out for the latest taste trends. Snack trends also change over time. When supermarkets (encourage) to remove unhealthy snacks from the cashier desk, companies are quick to provide healthier treats.

语法填空（短文）

February 10, the first day of the Year of the Dragon, the crowd in a public square in London burst into cheers. Sixteen dancers performed the Chaoshan Yingge dance, a traditional Chinese folk dance (celebrate) Chinese New Year. In the Chaoshan region of Guangdong province, the dance originated, people believe it brings good luck for new year. This performance(attract) millions of tourists since 2023.

阅读理解

Are you ready to become an international UN Volunteer?

You can contribute your time, skills and knowledge through volunteering with the UN. This is an opportunity to create a positive impact and be a significant force for achieving peace and development. Make a difference to the lives of many!

The first step to volunteer abroad with the UN is to determine whether you meet the minimum requirements. If this is the case, register your profile in our Unified Volunteering Platform. Then, you may apply for assignments that are in high demand or even in highly specialized areas.

The minimum age to serve as an international UN Volunteer is 18 years old. However, there are specific requirements for various categories: UN Youth Volunteers, including University Volunteers, must be aged 18-26, UN Volunteer specialists must be at least 27years old, and UN Expert Volunteers must be 35 years of age and above.

There may also be requirements of relevant professional and academic experience, as well as language proficiency (熟练). Refer to the Description of Assignment for the UN Volunteer assignment for the position you are applying for because different assignments have their specific requirements.

All UN Volunteers must display a commitment to the values and principles of volunteerism and the activities of the United Nations and the UN Charter, and an ability to

work in a multicultural environment and with local partners and communities. They should be prepared to adjust to difficult living conditions in sometimes remote locations. UN Volunteers should be professional, with strong interpersonal and organizational skills.

阅读理解

"Your mother needs a new heart," my father told me when I called on that December afternoon. An unrelenting optimist, he spoke as if she merely needed to have a part replaced. But, although my two sisters and I knew that our mother had heart problems, this news still made us frozen for a while with our eyes widening in disbelief.

Dr. Marc Semigran of the transplant team reviewed my mother's medical history. She'd had an irregular and rapid heartbeat for most of her life. Her present treatment——the use of a series of cardioversions, or electric jolts, to restore a normal heartbeat——would not work in the long-term. She had an enlarged and weakened heart, as well as a faulty valve.

"With medication," Dr. Semigran said, "you have a 60 percent chance of living six months. You could have a longer life with a transplant, but there are risks. You're at the

top end of the age group of sixty years old. The lungs and other organs must be healthy and strong. While the transplant surgery is actually a straightforward procedure, acceptance by the body is the difficult thing."

My family came together, trying to provide strength and work out what to do. We'd already gone from shock, over our mother's condition, to worry that she wouldn't be a suitable recipient. Despite of the risk, we chose to believe that she would make it eventually.

Word came later in December that she had been accepted into the programme. Dr. Jeremy Ruskin told us one of the reasons she had been accepted was that she had such strong family support.

One Monday in May, at about 8 p. m., my mother received a phone call from the hospital that a heart was available. As she was about to be wheeled off, my father took her face in his hands and looked into her eyes. His look said everything about their 42-year relationship.

The heart transplant operation was successful and the conditions could not have been better.

The irony of the transplant process is that one family's loss is another's gain; that tragedy begets fortune. It is a kind of life after death, our hearts beating beyond us. We developed a feeling of love for this new part, of gratitude for the doctors, for the process, and for those people who made a decision just for humanity.

阅读理解

Artificial intelligence is almost twice as accurate as a biopsy(活组织检查) at judging the aggressiveness of some cancers, experts say. Cancer kills 10 million people globally every year, according to the WHO. But for patients the disease can be prevented if detected instantly and dealt with quickly.

A recent study suggested an AI algorithm (算法) was far better than a biopsy at correctly grading the aggressiveness of sarcomas ( 肉 瘤 ), a rare form of cancer. Researchers hope AI will improve outcomes for patients by giving doctors a more accurate way of grading tumours (肿瘤). Because high-grade tumours can indicate aggressive disease, the tool could help ensure those high-risk patients are identified more quickly and treated instantly. Low-risk patients could also be spared unnecessary treatments, follow-up scans and hospital visits.

Researchers say the algorithm could be applied to other types of cancer in future. The team specifically looked at retroperitoneal sarcomas, which develop at the back of the abdomen and are difficult to diagnose(诊断) and treat due to their location. They used CT scans from 170 patients with the two most common forms of retroperitoneal sarcoma——leiomyosarcoma and liposarcoma. Using data from these scans they created an AI algorithm, which was then tested on 89 patients in other countries. In grading how aggressive the tumour was, the technology was accurate in 82% of the cases, while biopsies were 44%.

AI could also recognize leiomyosarcoma and liposarcoma in 84% of sarcomas tested, while radiologists were able to identify them in 65% of the cases. Christina Messiou, the study leader, said: "We're incredibly excited by the potential of this state-of-the-art

technology, which could lead to patients having better outcomes through faster diagnosis. As patients with retroperitoneal sarcoma are routinely scanned with CT, we hope this tool will eventually be used globally, ensuring that not just specialist centres can reliably identify and grade the disease."

Richard Davison, chief executive of Sarcoma UK, said the results looked "very promising". He added: "People are more likely to survive sarcoma if diagnosed early. One in six people with sarcoma cancer wait more than a year to receive an accurate diagnosis, so any research that helps patients receive better treatment and support is welcome."

阅读理解

A recent global study, which surveyed 10,000 young people from 10 countries, showed that nearly 60 percent of them were extremely worried about the future state of the planet. The report, which was published in The Lancet, also showed that nearly half of the respondents said that such distress affected them daily, and three quarters agreed with the statement that "the future is frightening." This, along with many other studies, shows

clearly that climate change is not just a threat to the environment that we inhabit. It also poses a very real threat to our emotional well-being. Psychologists have categorized these feelings of grief and worry about the current climate emergency, a common occurrence among youth today, under the label of "eco-anxiety".

Eco-anxiety doesn't just affect young people. It also affects researchers who work in climate and ecological science, burdened by the reality depicted by their findings, and it affects the most economically marginalized (边缘化的) across the globe, who bear the damaging impacts of climate breakdown.

In 2024, eco-anxiety will rise to become one of the leading causes of mental health problems. The reasons are obvious. Scientists estimate that the world is likely to breach safe limits of temperature rise above pre-industrial levels for the first time by 2027.

In recent years, we've seen wildfires tear through Canada and Greece, and summer floods ruin regions in Pakistan that are home to nearly 33 million people. Studies have shown that those impacted by air pollution and rising temperatures are more likely to experience psychological distress.

To make matters worse, facing climate crisis, our political class is not offering strong leadership. The COP28 conference in Dubai will be headed by an oil and gas company executive. In the UK, the government is backtracking on its green commitments.

Fortunately, greater levels of eco-anxiety will also offer an avenue for resolving the climate crisis directly. According to Caroline Hickman, a researcher on eco-anxiety from the University of Bath, anyone experiencing eco-anxiety is displaying entirely natural and rational reactions to the climate crisis. This is why, in 2024, we will also see more people around the world join the fight for climate justice and seek jobs that prioritize environmental sustainability. Campaigners will put increased pressure on fossil fuel industries and the governments to rapidly abandon the usage of polluting coal, oil, and gas.

It's now clear that not only are these industries the main causes for the climate crisis, they are also responsible for the mental health crisis, which is starting to affect most of us. Eco-anxiety is not something we will defeat with therapy, but something we will tackle by taking action.

根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。

More than a quarter have to enlarge the font size on their mobile phone so they can read it clearly.  Meanwhile, 28% regularly squint(眯眼看) at the screen. And all of them are signs of eye disorder.

"The research has shown our eyes are not designed to be fixed on a single object for a long time, especially smaller laptops or smart devices. Even worse, staring at the screen constantly can lead to dry eye syndrome," says Giles Edmonds, a clinical service director.

Dry eye syndrome is a condition where the eyes do not make enough tears, or the tears evaporate too quickly. Here are some simple solutions to prevent eye strain and irritation, and preserve your eye health overall.

Rest your eyes.

Follow the 20:20:20 rule, looking up from your screen every 20 minutes and look at something 20 feet away for at least 20 seconds.  It in turn reduces eye tiredness.

Adjust your workstation.

Change your screen settings to ensure that the brightness and contrast are balanced correctly, as well as making fonts larger. Also, be mindful of how your workstation is positioned. Adjust your screen ensuring it is 15-20 degrees below eye level and around 50-70 cm away from the eyes.  .

Reduce glare(眩光).

. Try reducing this by attaching an anti-glare screen to your monitor or laptop to avoid external light shining onto the screen. Glasses wearers can also have lenses treated with an anti-glare coating.

A. People should try to reduce the time spent on the screen.

B. One can read his favorite paper books instead of e-books.

C. Half confess they're forced to enlarge images to see them clearly.

D. Another thing to focus on is to make sure your room is properly lit.

E. Looking into the distance helps relax the focusing muscles of your eyes.

F. Reflections on your computer screen can cause glare and lead to eye fatigue.

G. They may feel uncomfortable, painful, tired and even start to itch (发痒) or burn.

阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。

The first pairs of jeans were designed for blue-collar workers. Over the course of the 20th century, the working-class pants have transformed into fashion icons and become popular around the world. However, each new pair you buy has a much higher cost than

you might think.

Every pair of jeans takes about 

0.7 kilograms of cotton. Growing this much cotton requires roughly 10,000 liters of water, not to mention various herbicides and pesticides, which can pollute groundwater. Typically, plastic fibers are mixed with cotton threads to increase comfort and flexibility. In order to dye the cloth, chemical sprays and several cycles of acid-washing are adopted, discharging toxic pollutants into rivers and even turn them into indigo-blue. Also, there are the zippers, buttons, and rivets made of copper and other metals, whose mining is yet another source of environmental degradation. All in all, the manufacturing(制造) process for a single pair of jeans emits over 33 kilograms of carbon ——the equivalent of driving over 110 kilometers.

Like many globally produced products, jeans are made in poor countries and bought in rich ones. Much of the world's cotton is grown in developing countries, with poor labor practices and few protections for workers. Cotton here is often picked by children or forced labor. And their health may be threatened by poisonous chemicals during production. Because of the fast-paced and rough manufacturing with unnatural materials, today, most pairs last no longer than a year. Like most waste, discarded jeans end up in landfills, where their decomposition releases greenhouse gas. Some governments are pursuing policies to make companies more responsible for worker pay and welfare, but unsustainable practices still run crazy throughout the fashion industry.

1） Who may be the first consumers of jeans?

2） Why are plastic fibers used when pairs of jeans are made?

3）Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.

Jeans are made in poor countries, where workers' health is well protected.

4） What suggestions would you give to reduce the damage caused by jeans? (In about 40 words)

   

假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。国际月季节(International Rose Festival) 将于下周在北京举办。你得知你校外教Jim对花卉十分感兴趣，想邀请他一同参加。请你用英文给他写一封邮件，内容包括：

1. 介绍国际月季节基本信息；

2. 介绍其亮点。

注意：

1. 词数100左右;

2. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。

Dear Jim,

Yours,

Li Hua