降维类比和升维类比主要应用于立体几何的学习,将空间三维问题降为平面二维或者直线一维问题就是降维类比
![](https://math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmo%3E.%3C%2Fmo%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
平面几何中多边形的外接圆,即找到一点,使得它到多边形各个顶点的距离相等
![](https://math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmo%3E.%3C%2Fmo%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
这个点就是外接圆的圆心,距离就是外接圆的半径
![](https://math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmo%3E.%3C%2Fmo%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
若这样的点存在,则这个多边形有外接圆,若这样的点不存在,则这个多边形没有外接圆
![](https://math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmo%3E.%3C%2Fmo%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
事实上我们知道,三角形一定有外接圆,如果只求外接圆的半径,我们可通过正弦定理来求,我们也可以关注九年义教初中
![](https://math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmi%3E%E3%80%8A%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
几何
![](https://math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmi%3E%E3%80%8B%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
第三册第
![](https://math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmn%3E94%3C%2Fmn%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
页例
![](https://math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmn%3E2%3C%2Fmn%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
的结论:三角形外接圆的直径等于两边的乘积除以第三边上的高所得的商
![](https://math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmo%3E.%3C%2Fmo%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
借助求三角形外接圆的方法解决问题:若等腰梯形
![](https://math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmi%3EA%3C%2Fmi%3E%3Cmi%3EB%3C%2Fmi%3E%3Cmi%3EC%3C%2Fmi%3E%3Cmi%3ED%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
的上下底边长分别为
![](https://math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmn%3E6%3C%2Fmn%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
和
![](https://math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmn%3E8%3C%2Fmn%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
, 高为
![](https://math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmn%3E1%3C%2Fmn%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
, 这个等腰梯形的外接圆半径为
;轴截面是旋转体的重要载体,圆台的轴截面中包含了旋转体中的所有元素:高、母线长、底面圆的半径,通过研究其轴截面,可将空间问题转化为平面问题
![](https://math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmo%3E.%3C%2Fmo%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
观察图象,通过类比,我们可以找到一般圆台的外接球问题的研究方法,正棱台可以看作由圆台切割得到
![](https://math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmo%3E.%3C%2Fmo%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
研究问题:如图,正三棱台的高为
![](https://math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmn%3E1%3C%2Fmn%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
, 上、下底面边长分别为
![](https://math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmn%3E3%3C%2Fmn%3E%3Cmsqrt%3E%3Cmn%3E3%3C%2Fmn%3E%3C%2Fmsqrt%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
和
![](https://math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmn%3E4%3C%2Fmn%3E%3Cmsqrt%3E%3Cmn%3E3%3C%2Fmn%3E%3C%2Fmsqrt%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
, 其顶点都在同一球面上,则该球的体积为
.
![](http://tikupic.21cnjy.com/2024/06/29/5c/e1/5ce124d92231124eb03d722f95dc18c1.png)