素数又称质数,是指在大于
![](https://math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmn%3E1%3C%2Fmn%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
的自然数中,除了1和它本身以外不再有其他因数的自然数.早在2000多年前,欧几里德就在《几何原本》中证明了素数是无限的.在这之后,数学家们不断地探索素数的规律与性质,并取得了显著成果.中国数学家陈景润证明了“1+2”,即“表达偶数为一个素数及一个不超过两个素数的乘积之和”,成为了哥德巴赫猜想研究上的里程碑,在国际数学界引起了轰动.如何筛选出素数、判断一个数是否为素数,是古老的、基本的,但至今仍受到人们重视的问题.最早的素数筛选法由古希腊的数学家提出.1934年,一名印度数学家发明了一种素数筛选法,他构造了一个数表
![](https://math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmi%3EA%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
, 具体构造的方法如下:
![](https://math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmi%3EA%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
中位于第
![](https://math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmtext%3Ei%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
行第
![](https://math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmi%3Ej%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
列的数记为
![](https://math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmsub%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmi%3Ea%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmi%3Ei%3C%2Fmi%3E%3Cmi%3Ej%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmsub%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
, 首项为
![](https://math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmn%3E3%3C%2Fmn%3E%3Cmi%3Ei%3C%2Fmi%3E%3Cmo%3E%2B%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmn%3E1%3C%2Fmn%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
且公差为
![](https://math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmn%3E2%3C%2Fmn%3E%3Cmi%3Ei%3C%2Fmi%3E%3Cmo%3E%2B%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmn%3E1%3C%2Fmn%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
的等差数列的第
![](https://math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmi%3Ej%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
项恰好为
![](https://math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmsub%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmi%3Ea%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmi%3Ei%3C%2Fmi%3E%3Cmi%3Ej%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmsub%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
, 其中
![](https://math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmi%3Ei%3C%2Fmi%3E%3Cmo%3E%3D%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmn%3E1%3C%2Fmn%3E%3Cmn%3E++%EF%BC%8C+%3C%2Fmn%3E%3Cmtext%3E%E2%80%89%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3Cmn%3E2%3C%2Fmn%3E%3Cmn%3E++%EF%BC%8C+%3C%2Fmn%3E%3Cmtext%3E%E2%8B%AF%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
;
![](https://math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmi%3Ej%3C%2Fmi%3E%3Cmo%3E%3D%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmn%3E1%3C%2Fmn%3E%3Cmn%3E++%EF%BC%8C+%3C%2Fmn%3E%3Cmn%3E2%3C%2Fmn%3E%3Cmn%3E++%EF%BC%8C+%3C%2Fmn%3E%3Cmtext%3E%E2%8B%AF%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
. 请同学们阅读以上材料,回答下列问题.