People trained to detect lies often rely on multiple signs, such as eye contact, length of responses and the details in what people say, but studies have shown that assessing a wide range of behavioral information can make it harder to decide if someone is lying. Instead, Bruno Verschuere at the University of Amsterdam and his colleagues have found that focusing on the detail in what people say, while ignoring all other signs, is the most successful method to identify lies.
To figure it out, the researchers asked 44 students to either go for a walk or steal from a postbox in a mock (模拟的) crime. The team then conducted recorded interviews with the students, who were told to lie if they had committed the mock theft or to tell the truth if not.
Next, the researchers asked 171 people to watch six truthful and six deceptive (骗人的) interviews from these recordings. The team asked half of the participants to rate how much the interviewees avoided eye contact, which is widely believed to indicate lying. The other participants ranked the level of detail in interview statements. It showed that both truth-tellers and liars broke eye contact a similar amount, but truthful statements were much more detailed than deceptive ones, suggesting the latter is a more useful way to tell that someone is lying.
The researchers then asked 405 people to judge the true nature of six truthful and six deceptive statements chosen from written records of the interviews. The half of the participants relying on multiple signs accurately judged lies from the truth just 59% of the time, while the other half relying on level of detail alone identified the right answer 66% of the time.
"Our take is that using just one sign can provide a much simpler way to judge lies from the truth," says Verschuere. Nevertheless, in the real world, you would probably want to check the truthfulness of statements through further investigations or follow-up questions, he says.