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江苏省南京市建邺区2018届九年级英语一模试题

作者UID:7189882
日期: 2024-11-06
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    A company says it has completed the first 3D-printed home recently. The home was shown to reporters and visitors at a music festival.

    The building company has developed large 3D- printers that build homes with mortar, a hard and strong material. It uses robotics, computer programs and advanced materials to make houses.

    Jason Ballard is the company's chief engineer. "So I'm standing in front of the first 3D-printed home in America. This house was actually printed in high winds, blowing dust and rain." It is important for the printing programmes to operate in bad weather conditions, such as weather disasters. The goal is to print homes in developing countries. So the printer has to be light enough to move from onepropertyto the next.

    Ballard imagines that someday, many 3D-printers will operate around the world to make homes. "It's actually a lot more simple to build a printer than it is to build a house," he said. "We ran this printer at about a quarter speed to print this house, and completed it in about 48 hours of print time."

    The company developed this technology not to make money but to help provide a quick, cheap housing solution for the millions of people who need it most. There are about a billion people that don't have one of life's most basic human needs, and that's safe shelter.

    Ballard says his company already works on housing needs with poor families in different areas. But he says that to really make a difference, the program will need to be greatly improved. He added that since the 3D-printing process is so much faster than traditional homebuilding, a whole community could be built in just a few months. He believes over time, people can get the new home below $4,000 with the help of 3D-printers.

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    Science is proving what pet owners have long believed: Dogs understand what we're feeling. Especially, dogs can recognize(识别) the difference between a happy and an angry human face, a study published Thursday in Current Biology suggests.

    It's the first research to show that dogs are sensitive (敏感) to our facial expressions, says the author Ludwig Huber at the University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna.

    In the Austrian study, 20 different kinds of pet dogs were taught to play a computer game through a series of exercises. In the first step, the dogs were shown two touch screens, one with a circle and one with a square. Through the exercises, they learned that a treat would appear if they chose the right one.

    Eleven of the 20 dogs were able to catch on to rules of the game and make it to the next test, where they were shown photos of happy and angry faces. The dogs were rewarded if they picked certain expression correctly. During the test, the dogs were shown only the upper half or the lower half of a face.

    It was easier to teach the dogs to choose a happy expression than an angry one, suggesting the dogs do indeed understand the meaning behind the expression, Huber says.

    As a test, the dogs were then presented with: the same half of the faces they saw during the training, but from different people, the other half of the faces used in training, the other half of new faces, the left half of the faces used in training.

    In the cases, the dogs chose the right answer 70 to 100 percent of the time.

    Dogs who had been trained to recognize an expression of anger or happiness on the upper part of a face could find the same expression when shown only the lower part. Huber says, "The only possible explanation is that they recall from memory of everyday life how a whole human face looks when happy or angry."

    Dog owners know their pets not only recognize emotions but also understand the feelings.

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    The population of Earth is still going up. There will be less and less good land for growing crops in the future. People worry that there will not be enough food for everyone in the middle of this century.

    Recently scientists have discovered one strange plant namedfedtschenkoi(玉吊钟)may help. It can absorb(吸收)carbon dioxide(CO₂) at night. It only needs 10 times less water than food plants like beans. This means it can grow in the desert(沙漠).

    In which ways could this plant help us?

    Since deserts are increasing in size because of the changes in Earth's climate, growing plants there will be more and more important. Although it is dangerous to eat this plant, scientists can still study something about it: how it absorbs CO₂ at night while many other plants only do this during the day, and why it is suited to the desert.

    There is another direction to take the research in. Producing a desert plant to eat will be difficult, but there is still possibility to use the genes(基因)from this plant and put them into food plants.

    The other way is to grow this type of plant for fuel(燃料). At the moment we grow plants for fuel in good land. If we do it in deserts instead, more good land can be used to grow plants for food.

    Desert plants have special qualities, which could be an answer to our future food or energy needs. Scientists are working hard on it.

The Desert Plant Could Help

The problems of the future

◆The population on Earth is becoming   than before.

◆There is less and lessland for growing crops.

◆There will not be enough food in the future, which makes people

The discovery of the scientists

◆It is an plant namedfedtschenkoi.

◆Food plants like beans need 10 times water than it does in deserts.

The ways it could us

◆The scientists are studying how it absorbs CO₂ and why it isfor living in desert.

◆It is to use genes from one plant and then put it inside another.

◆It will be better if we can grow plants for fuel in deserts   than in good land.

Conclusion

◆Because desert plants have special qualities, it mayour food and energy problems in the future.

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