广东省历年中考真题分类汇编：阅读理解（科普环保类）

阅读理解

    The Taojinshan Greenway (绿道) in Shenzhen has been open to citizens since July, 2019. Sitting at the west side of Shenzhen Reservoir, it is as long as 7.07 kilometers.

    With plants along both sides and lakes lying at different sites, tourists can enjoy wonderful scenery all the way. If they are tired, they are free to take a rest at the 3 stops that were built for breaks. Additionally, five unused guard posts (岗享) along the old route have remained. They serve as sightseeing platforms for visitors to feel the cultural spirit behind the place.

    Of all its 13 scenic spots, 8 were designed to have Al helpers. From them, visitors can gain information on parking, tour guide services and more. The smart greenway, with free Wi-Fi available, also provides environmental date, such as temperature, wind speed and air quality. What's more, it can give visitors wamings of coming extreme (极端的) weather and natural disasters, including rainstorms and typhoons that may hit Shenzhen.

    "Started in the middle of 2015, the building process of the Taojinshan Greenway has taken good care of de wildlife and environment nearby" said Yang Shiming, an offcial in charge of the project."

    The greenway is an example of construction projects without doing harm to the nature. It also shows the role that technology plays in building a smart greenway for more life convenience."

阅读理解

    Many people dream of traveling into outer space. However, spending too much time in space may cause health problems, according to NASA. That's why astronauts shouldn't spend more than six months on the International Space Station(ISS)at a time.

    Muscle(肌肉)and bone loss

    In a weightless environment, astronauts don't need to use their muscles to support themselves, so their muscles start shrinking. To keep their muscles strong, astronauts need to exercise about 2 hours each day on the ISS.

    Sleep disorder (混乱)

    In space, the sun rises every 90 minutes. It is hard for astronauts to get used to this light-dark cycle when they sleep. Also, they need to sleep in a sleeping bag that is fixed to a wall, and it is uncomfortable.

    Astronauts now have individual sleeping pods(分离仓)that help shut out some of the light. Sill, studies have found that most astronauts only sleep about six hours each night, even though they should have eight and a half hours.

    Brain changes

    Scientists have found that the position of the brain changes during spaceflight. It can affect how the brain deal with how we see, stay balanced and move around. That's why some astronauts can't control their movement and balance after returning to the Earth. Scientists have also found that astronauts may get used to this change after going on more spaceflights. But they still need to do more research.

阅读理解

    A new waste-sorting policy came out in Shanghai on July 1, 2019. How do people in Shanghai sort their waste? Let's look at the pictures.

阅读理解

    Sending packets, shopping for everyday goods and even building a house, these are new skills that new robots show at the World Robot Exhibition.

RoBohoN	Scientists are recommending the latest talking robots. They can be highly intelligent in their responses. RoBohoN, just 10cm tall, makes a lively description of the Great Wall and the Palace Museum. It can speak Chinese, English or any other language you like.
Human Support	This robot stands at 1m tall and looks like a container with arms. It provides much support to different places and keeps in touch with the outside world through the internet.
HRP-5P	As world cities continue developing, there are building sites everywhere, but there aren't enough people to build them. HRP-5P looks like a strong builder. It stands at 1.8m tall and
CarriRo	CarriRo, in the shape of a toy bus, has friendly "eyes" on its front. It works as a postman and sends packages by rolling around the streets. It has a GPS to travel. The person who receives the package is sent a code to the smart phone to open the CarriRo and get the package.

阅读理解

    In our daily life, robots are often found to do work that is too dangerous, boring, difficult, or dirty. And we often see kids play with toy robots.

    But what exactly is a robot? There are some important characteristics(特征) that a robot must have. These characteristics might help you to decide what is and what is not a robot. It will also help you to decide what you will need to build into a machine before it can be considered as a robot. A robot has these important characteristics.

   SensingFirst of all, your robot would have to be able to sense the environment around it. 

    Give your robot sensors (传感器): light sensors( eyes ), touch sensors (hands), chemical sensors(nose), hearing sensors(ears) and taste sensors (tongue).

   MovementA robot needs to be able to move around its environment.  It can move on wheels, walk on legs or be driven by small engines(发动机). A robot can move either the whole body or just parts of it.

   EnergyA robot needs to be able to power itself.  Some robots might power itself with sunlight, some might with electricity, while others with the battery(电池). The way your robot gets its energy will depend on what your robot needs to do.

   IntelligenceA robot needs some kind of "smarts". A programmer is the person who gives the robot its "smarts". The robot will have to have a certain way to receive the program so that it knows what it is to do.

阅读下列短文，从下面每小题的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出最佳选项。

E

    Artificial intelligence（人工智能）, or AI in short, is the science of giving computers and machines ability to think and work like humans. AI scientists and engineers have made a lot of cool technologies.

    AI is rapidly catching up with the human ability to read faces. As a result, facial recognition（识别）is used a lot in the world. Chinese police use this technology toidentifycriminals（罪犯）.Once they caught a criminal when he attended a concert. It also checks the ID of ride-hailing（网约车）drivers and lets people pay for things with a smile.

    AI is also used in self-driving cars, which are believed to be the future of driving. Most drivers may wave or nod at passers-by to let them cross the street, but self-driving cars don't have this ability. Carmakers are testing a light signal system to help them "speak" to humans. The system can show what self-driving cars will do. For example, if a driverless car is yielding（让路）, it will flash two white lights side to side. A rapidly flashing light tells passers-by that the car is about to speed up.

    Service Robots also show you know powerful AI is. Imagine this—you come back home from school and your robot housekeeper is waiting for you at the door. After dinner, he teaches you to play the piano, just like a real music teacher. Such thoughts will soon happen in the real world. In the future, more and more service robots will become good home helpers.

    AI is so powerful that it can help human beings and even replace us in many jobs.