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北师大版初中英语八年级下册备战中考 Unit 1综合测试题

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日期: 2024-11-06
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    Jack and Betty Williams are going through some difficult times. They were both laid off from their jobs last month. As the days go by, they're becoming more and more worried about their futures, since Jack hasn't been able to find another job yet, and neither has Betty.

    The lay-offs weren't a surprise to Jack and Betty. After all, in the USA Jack's company hadn't been doing very well for a long time, and neither had Betty's. However, Jack had never expected both of them to be laid off at the same time, and Betty hadn't either. Ever since they have been laid off, Jack and Betty have been trying to find new jobs. Unfortunately, she hasn't been very successful, and he hasn't either.

    The main reason they're having trouble finding work is that there simply aren't many jobs available (可获得的) right now. He can't find anything in the wanted ads, and neither can she. She hasn't heard about any jobs opening, and he hasn't either. His friends haven't been able to help at all, and neither have hers.

    Another reason they're having trouble finding work is that they don't seem to have the right kind of skills and training. He doesn't know anything about computers, and she doesn't either. She can't type very well, and neither can he. He hasn't had any special vocational (职业的) training, and she hasn't either.

    Despite all their problems, Jack and Betty aren't completely discouraged (灰心的). She doesn't have a very pessimistic (悲观的) outlook on life, and neither does he. They're both hopeful that things will get better soon.

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Robotic Pets

    I am going to predict how people are going to be with future technology in their life. I think robotic pets are going to be increasingly popular as the technology develops. At least I am going to build what I think is a strong case for this prediction.

    From a neurological point of view, I do not see anything in the way to people bonding fully with robotic pets. The human brain can attach (赋予) emotions to things and respond to emotional signaling. Being alive is simply not required. From how objects move, our brains infer that they are able to act with their own will and purpose. If they move in a way that cannot be explained simply as passive (被动的) movement, then they must be moving on their own. Therefore, they can connect to the emotional centres in our brains. We either fear them, or love them, or hunger for them, or whatever. We can respond emotionally with cartoon creatures, with animals, and yes, even with robots. Our brains treat things that act alive as if they are alive — no different.

    One of the opposite points that people often bring up is that they love the way their pets behave, not just look. This gets to AI, which has been developing at a fast pace. We have AI that can beat world masters in chess and go. I have no doubt we can build AI to mimic (模仿) the behaviour of dogs and cats, if not now then probably within a generation.

    So we will have no problem fully emotionally bonding with a robotic pet. But this doesn't mean we would prefer such a pet. One argument against robotic pets is that they will be expensive compared to a live pet- but this is likely not to be true forever. Living pets need to be fed, and they need at least basic medical care, and they may need to be boarded at times. Also, people spend hundreds of dollars on pets, or thousands of dollars on pure bred species. Robotic pets will finally cost less in total than biological ones.

    But let's get to the real reason people will prefer robotic pets at last. The possibilities for building in useful technology are endless. An advanced robotic pet could also serve as a defensive and alarm system. You could recharge your cell phone off their batteries. They could be a walking cell phone. They would be excellent companions for the elder, affording them more independence for longer. This in itself would be a huge cost saving-anything that keeps people out of a nursing home is cost-effective.

    Imagination is really the only limitation, once you have the basics of a working robot. When the technology crosses a certain limit, this will be a thing. Future generations may consider keeping a living animal in your home as primitive (原始的) and cruel. They may have a point.

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Mechanical Engineering

    Do you like to build with blocks? Have you ever wondered how planes stay in the air? Do you like to design and create new things? If you do, a career (职业) in mechanical engineering might be right for you!

    A mechanical engineer is responsible for coming up with and designing mechanical systems. Mechanical systems can include the machine design, the heating and cooling equipment, and the product design.

    Mechanical engineers are in high need right now. There are a lot of job openings for mechanical engineers, but there aren't enough people to fill those jobs. Because there is a high need for engineers and the work requires specialised knowledge , engineers get paid more than some other careers.

    To be a mechanical engineer, you need to graduate from college with a bachelor's (学士) degree. In college, you will learn problem solving and critical thinking skills.

    Problem solving is very important in the field of mechanical engineering. To come up with the best solution to a problem, mechanical engineers need to think in different ways. They also need to be creative, because they may need to make something that's never been made before. Paying attention to details (细节) is important as well. Many designs depend on a lot of little details.

    Mechanical engineers also need to be able to use different tools, such as calculators, high-speed cameras, and computers. There are many computer programmes mechanical engineers use to create designs, run scenarios (方案) ,and do research.

    As with many other jobs, mechanical engineers should be able to meet deadlines (最后期限) and work well with other people. Some jobs can be done with just one person, but more often mechanical engineers work on a team to complete a project. If an engineer cannot manage his or her time well and misses a deadline, the whole team will get delayed (拖延).

    Some engineers work in an office, and some travel to different worksites while a machine or product is being built. So they can help solve any problems.

    Mechanical engineering takes a lot of thought. It is a great career for people who like to make objects and machines work, solve problems, and be creative!

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