如图α粒子源可以每秒发射出
![](https://math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmi%3EN%3C%2Fmi%3E%3Cmo%3E%3D%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmn%3E1%3C%2Fmn%3E%3Cmsup%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmn%3E0%3C%2Fmn%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmn%3E5%3C%2Fmn%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmsup%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
个α粒子,其初速度均为
![](https://math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmsub%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmi%3Ev%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmn%3E0%3C%2Fmn%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmsub%3E%3Cmo%3E%3D%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmn%3E3%3C%2Fmn%3E%3Cmo%3E%C3%97%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmn%3E1%3C%2Fmn%3E%3Cmsup%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmn%3E0%3C%2Fmn%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmn%3E7%3C%2Fmn%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmsup%3E%3Cmtext%3Em%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3Cmtext%3E%2F%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3Cmtext%3Es%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
, 进入电压为
![](https://math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmi%3EU%3C%2Fmi%3E%3Cmo%3E%3D%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmn%3E7%3C%2Fmn%3E%3Cmo%3E%C3%97%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmn%3E1%3C%2Fmn%3E%3Cmsup%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmn%3E0%3C%2Fmn%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmn%3E6%3C%2Fmn%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmsup%3E%3Cmtext%3EV%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
的加速电场,从电场中射出后与静止在反应区A点的铍核
![](https://math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmsubsup%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmn%3E4%3C%2Fmn%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmn%3E9%3C%2Fmn%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmsubsup%3E%3Cmtext%3EB%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3Cmtext%3Ee%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
发生核反应,两个反应产物垂直于边界EF飞入探测区,探测区有一圆形磁场和粒子探测器,圆形磁场半径为
![](https://math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmi%3ER%3C%2Fmi%3E%3Cmo%3E%3D%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmfrac%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmn%3E2%3C%2Fmn%3E%3Cmsqrt%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmn%3E3%3C%2Fmn%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmsqrt%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmn%3E1%3C%2Fmn%3E%3Cmn%3E5%3C%2Fmn%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmfrac%3E%3Cmtext%3Em%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
, 其内存在磁感应强度为
![](https://math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmi%3EB%3C%2Fmi%3E%3Cmo%3E%3D%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmn%3E0%3C%2Fmn%3E%3Cmn%3E.%3C%2Fmn%3E%3Cmn%3E5%3C%2Fmn%3E%3Cmtext%3ET%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
的匀强磁场,圆形磁场边界与EF相切,探测器与EF平行且距圆心距离为
![](https://math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmi%3Ed%3C%2Fmi%3E%3Cmo%3E%3D%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmn%3E0%3C%2Fmn%3E%3Cmn%3E.%3C%2Fmn%3E%3Cmn%3E5%3C%2Fmn%3E%3Cmtext%3Em%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
。实验中根据碰撞点的位置便可分析核反应的生成物。为简化模型,假设每个α粒子均可与铍核发生核反应,实验中探测器上有两个点(P点和Q点)持续受到撞击,点A、O、P在一直线上,且
![](https://math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmi%3EP%3C%2Fmi%3E%3Cmi%3EQ%3C%2Fmi%3E%3Cmo%3E%3D%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmfrac%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmsqrt%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmn%3E3%3C%2Fmn%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmsqrt%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmn%3E2%3C%2Fmn%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmfrac%3E%3Cmtext%3Em%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
, 打在P点粒子50%穿透探测器,50%被探测器吸收,其中穿透的粒子能量损失75%,打在Q点的粒子全部被吸收。已知质子和中子的质量均为
![](https://math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmi%3Em%3C%2Fmi%3E%3Cmo%3E%3D%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmn%3E1%3C%2Fmn%3E%3Cmn%3E.%3C%2Fmn%3E%3Cmn%3E6%3C%2Fmn%3E%3Cmo%3E%C3%97%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmn%3E1%3C%2Fmn%3E%3Cmsup%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmn%3E0%3C%2Fmn%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmo%3E%E2%88%92%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmn%3E2%3C%2Fmn%3E%3Cmn%3E7%3C%2Fmn%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmsup%3E%3Cmtext%3Ek%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3Cmtext%3Eg%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
, 原子核的质量为核子的总质量,质子电量为
![](https://math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmi%3Ee%3C%2Fmi%3E%3Cmo%3E%3D%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmn%3E1%3C%2Fmn%3E%3Cmn%3E.%3C%2Fmn%3E%3Cmn%3E6%3C%2Fmn%3E%3Cmo%3E%C3%97%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmn%3E1%3C%2Fmn%3E%3Cmsup%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmn%3E0%3C%2Fmn%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmo%3E%E2%88%92%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmn%3E1%3C%2Fmn%3E%3Cmn%3E9%3C%2Fmn%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmsup%3E%3Cmtext%3EC%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
, 不计粒子间相互作用(核反应过程除外)求:
![](http://tikupic.21cnjy.com/2023/04/14/89/0a/890a0d25d3d8ab0726507f2549a84dcb_421x293.png)