2023年中考英语热门话题练习 06 航天航空

阅读下面的短文，根据短文内容从每小题所给的A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出一个可以填入空白处的最佳选项，使短文意思完整、句子通顺。

We go to school every day, and our teachers teach1in school. Do our teachers give classes from space? No, they don't. But Zhai Zhigang, Wang. Yaping and Ye Guangfu, the three Chinese astronauts(宇航员)2. In the Tiangong Class, they teach students thing s about3. I love the class very much! I think the class is great fun! After this class, I want4an astronaut, too. So I need to eat5and do sports every day. The three great astronauts go into space6 October, 2021. And after six 7, they come home on April 16th, 2022. It is a long time! The 2022 Spring Festival is in February, the8month of the year. They9stay(待) with their family during the Spring Festival. I like their job(工作)10 l think it's great to be an astronaut.

阅读下面短文，从短文后所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出能填入相应空白处的最佳选项。

Chen Dong, a great astronaut, has become the first Chinese to stay in space for more than 200 days. This is the1time Chen has explored into space, following his first stay inTiangong-2, in 2016. "Chen is always trying to2mistakes and does everything perfectly." said Jing Haipeng, one of his team members. Chen was born in 1978 in Henan Province. To be a qualified (合格的) astronaut, he had been trained3for years. And finally in May, 2010, he4China's astronaut team.

As the5of the group, Chen has led the team of Shenzhou-14 to complete many tasks over the past six months. For example, they had three spacewalks, did some experiments and even gave a science6like teachers to all the students. By the end of this year, the Chinese space station will be fully completed. All the Chinese have waited so long to see this7moment.

"Building China's space station is always the8of all Chinese people," Chen said, "We are so9to see that the space home will be completed in our hands. We will10our space station to carry out more sci-tech experiments, so as to get more achievements to serve the world. "

阅读短文，根据其内容，选择最佳选项。

The history of women in space began 60 years ago. Since then, 57 women astronauts from nine different countries have flown into space.

	Russian astronaut Valentina Tereshkova made history by becoming the first woman in space. She flew into space on June 16, 1963, and stayed there for three days.
	Sally Ride became the first American woman astronaut to travel into space. She flew into space on June 18, 1983. She returned on June 25.
	US woman astronaut Karen Nyberg began to work on the International Space Station on May 29, 2013. She returned in November, 2013.
	Wang Yaping, the second Chinese woman astronaut, flew into space on June 11, 2013. She stayed in space for 15 days and became the first Chinese teacher in space.

阅读理解

China sends its first astronaut (宇航员), Yang Liwei, into space in 2003. Now, Zhai Zhigang, Wang Yaping and Ye Guangfu are doing the Shenzhou XIlI mission (任务) in space. Do you want to be an astronaut like them?

Keep healthy

To be an astronaut, you need to be very healthy. You have to see clearly and it is important for you not to have some small problems. For example, a bad tooth could get worse in space.

Be strong

In China, you must be good at flying planes before you can be an astronaut. You must fly over 25 days safely. What's more, you need to make your body strong like players by running, swimming and doing other sports. Because you will wear a 200-kilo coat and do work underwater for nearly half a day with no food and drinks. This is like going on a spacewalk.

Learn science

Knowledge is important as well. Astronauts take 60 subjects to get ready for a mission, such as math, English, art, geography and many more. So they will know what to do when there are accidents in the mission.

Do you know?

Though (尽管) you are really great to be an astronaut, maybe you will never go to space. In the Shenzhou XIII mission, for example, only three astronauts can go into space. There are another 13 astronauts that go, but they are still important to the space programme.

阅读理解

Many people may wonder what the three Chinese astronauts' life was like when they were working in space. In fact, they did many of the things as we do on Earth.

They brush their teeth, wash their hair and go to the bathroom. However, because of the microgravity (失重) environment, they take care of themselves in different ways. They wash their hair by using the no-rinse shampoo to get it clean because there are no real showers in the spaceship.

Astronauts eat three meals a day: breakfast, lunch and dinner. But how much they eat depends on the astronauts. A small woman astronaut often needs only about 1,900 calories (卡路里) a day, while a large man requires about 3,200 calories. So there are many kinds of foods ready, such as fruits, nuts, chicken, beef and seafood. They can also drink coffee, tea and orange juice.

Astronauts can have much fun, too. They look out of the window, enjoying the wonderful sunsets and sunrises which happen every 45 minutes. Very often, they play with their food or even play jokes on their workmates. Believe it or not, astronauts can even spend weekends, when they can watch movies, play music, read books and talk to their families.

After a long day at work, ▲  . Just like on Earth, an astronaut goes to bed at a certain time, then wakes up and prepares for work again. But there are a few differences. Astronauts have to sleep in sleeping bags in special cabins (柜子). Generally, astronauts are planned to have eight hours of sleep. Like on Earth, they may wake up in the middle of their sleep to use the toilet. And astronauts also have dreams.

As for Wang Yaping, she had another experience—preparing for lessons for the Chinese students far down on Earth.

阅读理解

It has been more than 50 years since anyone set foot on the moon. And those old suits were hard to move in and didn't fit every astronaut. As part of NASA's Artemis III, astronauts will wear new for the first time in 40 years.

The new spacesuit is easier to wear and is a better fit for women too. It also allows to see more things in a better way with built-in lights and even a camera for catching things more easily. Now it is just a black spacesuit. When it reaches the moon, it will be white. This helps astronauts being noticed on the moon. The new spacesuits "will not only allow the first woman to walk on the moon, but also allow astronauts to do more researches on the moon."

On the moon, daytime lasts for around 14 earth days and temperatures can reach 120℃! But the nights last just as long and temperatures can drop to -130℃! The spacesuits can help astronauts in these environment. _____▲_____. For example on the moon, radiation levels can be 200 times more than those on earth! Astronauts will get hurt without the spacesuits. And in space, there is mo air. Spacesuits also have to offer enough oxygen to astronauts.

The Artemis I successfully returned to Earth last year. Artemis II is set for 2024. It will take further from Earth than anyone has gone before. Artemis III is set for 2025 and will see astronauts moon walking for the first time in half a century. NASA also plans to build a new space station on the moon. The station will move around the moon and help NASA finish more plans in deeper space—like sending people to Mars! The plans are ready, and the spacesuits are ready as well.

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳答案。

On Nov 8, Wang Yaping, a female astronaut of Shenzhou XIII mission, became China's first and the world's 16th female space walker. The expected six-month journey in space has left many curious about the differences between male and female astronauts, especially in terms of performing extravehicular (舱外的) activities (EVAs). Despite (即使) physical challenges, female astronauts have unique (独一无二的) advantages.

Understanding between astronauts is very important for carrying out EVAs, which is based on excellent communication skills. Women are superior (更好的) in communication and language expression, and this helps female astronauts do extravehicular activities, according to Yang Yuguang, vice chair of Space Transportation Committee of the International Astronautical Federation.

Men and women are different in body size, which also gives women unique advantages for spacewalks. "Their generally smaller size is an advantage, as women will be able to control their weight better and perform a wider variety of tasks," Pang told China Daily.

Women in general weigh less, eat less food, consume less oxygen (氧气), and therefore required less fuel (燃料) to get into space. An astronaut must weigh between 55 kilograms and 70 kilograms to ft in the cabin of spacecraft and consume less fuel, according to CGIN.

A different body shape requires a different spacesuit. A tailor-made spacesuit was prepared for' Wang's extravehicular activities, which was lighter than the males'. Designers optimized the pattern of this spacesuit in the lower limb (下肢) area to make it more suitable for astronauts with slimmer figures.

According to Pang, many studies have found that female astronauts are more suitable for space missions and have advantages over male astronauts in qualities such as attention to detail and thinking comprehensively (全面地).

Men tend to excel in shorter-term, goal oriented (目标导向的) situations while women are better in longer-term habitation-type (居住类) circumstances, according to National Geographic.

Women's participation in EVAs is an integral (不可缺少的) part of space missions, and we are witnessing history thanks to Wang's bravery, according to Yang.

假如你是航天博物馆的工作人员，请根据下面的图文说明，在所给篇章的空白处填入合适的数字、单词或词组，完成对此航天服的介绍。

The Feitian Spacesuit

Here is the introduction about the Feitian spacesuit. Spacewalks can be dangerous with no air in space, but the spacesuit can keep astronauts safe. It costs million yuan. There are layers in it. Layer 1 is the closest to astronauts' bodies. It collects astronauts' urine (尿液). Layers 2—5 are used to inside the suit. Layer 6 protects astronauts from radiation. Astronauts can take pictures during spacewalk with a camera in the suit. Astronauts can connect with through the headphone and speakers.

Answer the questions（根据短文内容回答下列问题）：

Musk, the richest man in the world, is good at Chinese. When he was at a meeting on global food crisis（危机）, Musk quoted（引述）Cao Zhi's seven-step poem, " Pods burned to cook peas, Peas weep in the pot, Grown from same root, Why boil us so hot? "

Besides Musk, it's amazing to know that an Italian astronaut working on the International Space Station wrote on her social media, "The universe is so big and has so much stuff（事物）to watch, and it's great to see and know and drink."

Before she came to China, she had learned to speak Chinese. She quoted the Preface to the Works of Lanting《兰亭集序》because she had a good friend who was a Sinologist（汉学家）. Before the flight, her Sinologist friend suggested that she quote this line from the Preface to the Lanting Collection.

Chinese belongs to an elite（精英的）culture in European and American countries. Ordinary people in Europe and America have no interest in Chinese. They think Chinese is really too difficult for them to learn. However, in the elite circles of Europe and America, it is different. No matter in business and space, or science research. Not only the European astronauts have to learn Chinese, but also the workers of the Saudi Arabian who work closely with China. Even American astronauts need to learn Chinese ahead of time（提前）.

More and more European and American elites start to learn Chinese because the future of China's global influence will be bigger and bigger. They plan ahead and plan ahead for their children.

Learning Chinese is necessary if astronauts from around the world want to work on China's space station. This is why the Italian astronaut learned Chinese.

The goal of China's plan to land on the moon is to build a permanent base（永久基地） on the moon. Any astronaut needs to learn at least two languages, either in an American or Chinese spaceship. There is no third choice in the future. Chinese is directly connected to the career and future. Therefore, the elite of Europe and America think they really can't fit the situation if they do not learn Chinese.

根据短文内容，用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空，必要时可加助动词或情态动词。

Recently, Russia(make) a robot, which can walk, lift heavy weights, use power tools and even drive. It will also be an astronaut to go to the International Space Station and then land on the moon. The amazing robot(call) Fedor.

Fedor stands 6 ft and weighs 106～160 kg. It(take) and leave the driver's seat in a car, use tools, and stand up after falling down.

Russian President Putin has said that Fedor will make the first landing on the moon within 15 years. The robot needn't(wear) a spacesuit when working, and it can live not only in a crew vehicle (太空舱), but even outside it.

Experts say during space walking tasks and on other planets, astronauts(rely) on robots. And in some ways they can even do better than humans.

Engineers have high hopes for Fedor, and have humorously named it "Robo-Gagarin". Yuri Gagarin, a Russian pilot and astronaut,(be) the first human to travel into outer space.

During its first flight around the earth in 2021, Fedor will work as a pilot. After that, it will leave the pilot's seat and(move) out of the ship by itself.

完成对话，从方框中选择正确选项（其中有一个选项与对话内容无关）

A. What do you want to be when you grow up? B. It depends on（取决于）whether you are facing the sun or not. C. She is the first Chinese woman to walk in space. D. How are astronauts going to work in the space station? E. Because the environment in space is seriously terrible. F. When astronauts go out into space to work, what can they do to protect（保护）themselves?

A:

B: I want to be an astronaut like Wang Yaping. Do you know her?

A: Of course. It's really cool to walk in space, isn't it?

B: Yes, it is. But it is dangerous, too.

A: Why is it dangerous?

B: For example, the weather is bad.

A: Is it very cold in space?

B: If an astronaut's back is facing the sun and the front is not, the temperature difference can be as much as 135℃.

A: Sounds so scary.

B: They have to wear spacesuits（太空服）. They can protect them from bad weather, radiation（辐射）and so on in space. A spacesuit is like a small spaceship. A: How amazing it is!

假如现在是2100年，由于科学与技术的高速发展，去火星旅行已经成为现实。请根据以下提示，并发挥你的想象力，以"A Journey to Mars"为题写一篇关于火星旅行的英语短文。

提示:

1）乘坐航天飞机(space shuttle)到达火星；

2）遇见了外星人(aliens)(两只红红的眼睛，两条腿，并留着长长的头发, 用来抵御晚上的寒冷，非常友好，会讲英语);

3）环游火星, 并拍了很多照片；

4）…….

要求:

1）词数：80——100(开头已经给出，不计入总词数)；

2）字迹工整，语言流畅，表达正确，逻辑清晰;

3）要包括给出的要点，可以适当增加内容。

A Journey to Mars

With the development of the technology, we can travel into the space at any time. Last time I went to Mars with my family.

某英文版《航天》杂志社正在组织一个航天夏令营，招募的对象是全世界对航天感兴趣的中学生。假设你是李华，你也想加入这个夏令营，请用英文写一篇自荐信。

内容提示:

1）谈谈自己对航天的热爱;

2）曾经在学校参加过的航天活动及成果;

3）为实现航天梦所做过的努力;

4）想参加这次夏令营的目的。

提示词语: be interested in; solar system; make a model spaceship; prize; astronaut; read books; space; training; learn; look forward to

要求：1）所给英文提示词语仅供选用;

2）条理清楚，意思连贯，符合逻辑;

3）60~90词;

4）不要出现真实姓名及校名。

Dear Sir or Madam,

My name is Li Hua. I'm a middle school student and I'm fifteen.

    Best wishes!

Yours,

Li Hua

书面表达

近年来中国发生了翻天覆地的变化，取得了很多世界瞩目的成就，例如航空航天技术的一步步突破、杂交水稻的成功培育、两届奥运会的成功举办……

某英文网站正在开展以"厉害了，我的国！" 为主题的征文活动。请你以"China makes me feel surprised"为题目，用英语写一篇80词左右的短文投稿。

要求：1）选择中国发展中一个让你感到惊讶的事件进行简单叙述，并写出你的感受；

2）书写规范，要点齐全，条理清晰，可合理发挥；

3）文中不得出现真实姓名、校名、地名，否则不予赋分。

参考词汇：aerospace industry 航空航天工业；spaceship 宇宙飞船；develop hybrid rice 培育杂交水稻；Beijing 2008 Olympics 北京2008奥运会；Beijing 2022 Winter Olympics 北京2022冬奥会

China makes me feel surprised