A new study shows that negative (消极的) punishments to dogs while twining can bring long-term bad effects (影响) to the animal. The latest study paid attention to some dogs for humans. Such dogs are often thought of as part of the family and need training on how to behave (表现得体) around people.
Researchers from Portugual's University of Porto led the study. The researchers carried out experiments including two kinds of dog training methods — reward-based and aversive. Reward-based methods include giving the dog food or praise (表扬) when the animal completes wanted behavior (行为) Aversive methods depend on the use of some kinds of negative actions, such as shouting, pushing or pulling the dog to let it do something.
The study included 92 dogs. 42 of them got reward-based training and the others received aversive twining. Researchers did these experiments to find both short-term and long-term effects of the two training methods.
Researchers recorded the training. They reported that dogs from the aversive training group have more stress-related behavior than those in the reward-based group. It clearly shows the short-term effects of aversive training methods.
In order to find the long-term effects, the dogs took part in an exercise for about a month after the training. The dogs were put in a room with food bowls. Researchers looked at how quickly and excitedly the dogs went to the bowls. The researchers reported that after getting aversive training, the dogs were more "pessimistic (悲观的)" in behavior than those getting reward-based training.
