常用的温差发电装置的主要结构是半导体热电偶。如图所示,热电偶由
![](https://math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmtext%3EN%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
型半导体和
![](https://math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmtext%3EP%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
型半导体串联而成,
![](https://math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmtext%3EN%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
型半导体的载流子
![](https://math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmn%3E%28%3C%2Fmn%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
形成电流的自由电荷
![](https://math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmn%3E%29%3C%2Fmn%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
是电子,
![](https://math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmtext%3EP%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
型半导体的载流子是空穴,空穴带正电且电荷量等于元电荷
![](https://math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmtext%3Ee%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
。若两种半导体相连一端和高温热源接触,而另一端
![](https://math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmtext%3EA%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
、
![](https://math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmtext%3EB%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
与低温热源接触,两种半导体中的载流子都会从高温端向低温端扩散,最终在
![](https://math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmtext%3EA%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
、
![](https://math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmtext%3EB%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
两端形成稳定的电势差,且电势差的大小与高温热源、低温热源间的温度差有确定的函数关系。下列说法正确的是( )
![](http://tikupic.21cnjy.com/2023/11/09/e8/69/e86998bdebaf84ed066558a02c98d6e7_295x159.png)
- A、
端是温差发电装置的正极 - B、热电偶内部非静电力方向和载流子扩散方向相反
- C、温差发电装置供电时不需要消耗能量
- D、可以利用热电偶设计一种测量高温热源温度的传感器