图甲中
![](https://math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmi%3EK%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
为带电粒子发射源,从中可持续不断地射出质量、电荷都相同的带正电的粒子流,它们的速度方向都沿图中虚线
![](https://math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmsup%3E%3Cmi%3EO%3C%2Fmi%3E%3Cmn%3E%27%3C%2Fmn%3E%3C%2Fmsup%3E%3Cmi%3EO%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
, 速度的大小具有一切可能值但都是有限的.当粒子打在垂直于
![](https://math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmsup%3E%3Cmi%3EO%3C%2Fmi%3E%3Cmn%3E%27%3C%2Fmn%3E%3C%2Fmsup%3E%3Cmi%3EO%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
的屏
![](https://math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmi%3EN%3C%2Fmi%3E%3Cmsup%3E%3Cmi%3EN%3C%2Fmi%3E%3Cmn%3E%27%3C%2Fmn%3E%3C%2Fmsup%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
上时,会在屏上留下永久性的痕迹.屏内有一与虚线垂直的坐标轴
![](https://math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmi%3EY%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
, 其原点位于屏与虚线的交点
![](https://math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmi%3EO%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
处,
![](https://math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmi%3EY%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
的正方向由
![](https://math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmi%3EO%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
指向
![](https://math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmi%3EN%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
.虚线上的
![](https://math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmi%3EA%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
、
![](https://math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmi%3EB%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
两处,各有一电子阀门
![](https://math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmi%3Ea%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
和
![](https://math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmi%3Eb%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
.阀门可以根据指令开启或关闭.开始时两阀门都处于关闭状态,挡住粒子流.
![](https://math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmi%3EM%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
、
![](https://math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmsup%3E%3Cmi%3EM%3C%2Fmi%3E%3Cmn%3E%27%3C%2Fmn%3E%3C%2Fmsup%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
是两块较大的平行金属平板,到虚线
![](https://math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmsup%3E%3Cmi%3EO%3C%2Fmi%3E%3Cmn%3E%27%3C%2Fmn%3E%3C%2Fmsup%3E%3Cmi%3EO%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
的距离都是
![](https://math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmi%3Ed%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
, 板
![](https://math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmi%3EM%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
接地,在两板间加上如图乙所示的周期为
![](https://math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmn%3E2%3C%2Fmn%3E%3Cmi%3ET%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
的交变电压
![](https://math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmi%3Eu%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
,
![](https://math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmi%3Eu%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
的正向最大值为
![](https://math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmn%3E2%3C%2Fmn%3E%3Cmi%3EU%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
, 负向最大值为
![](https://math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmi%3EU%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
.已知当带电粒子处在两平板间的空间时,若两平板间的电压为
![](https://math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmi%3EU%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
, 则粒子在电场作用下的加速度
![](https://math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmi%3Ea%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
、电压
![](https://math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmi%3Eu%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
的半周期
![](https://math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmi%3ET%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
和平板到虚线的距离
![](https://math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmi%3Ed%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
满足以下关系:
![](http://tikupic.21cnjy.com/2024/05/28/74/7b/747bd4420dd1ef848c0633537d195916_404x385.png)
.
已知
、
间的距离、
到金属板左端的距离、金属板的长度以及金属板右端到屏的距离都是
.不计重力的作用.不计带电粒子间的相互作用.打开阀门前粒子被阀门吸收,不会影响以后带电粒子的运动.只考虑
、
之间的电场并把它视为匀强电场.