某同学设计了一个测量电流的装置,原理如图所示,轻弹簧上端固定,下端悬挂一根质量为m的均匀细金属杆
![](https://math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmi%3EM%3C%2Fmi%3E%3Cmi%3EN%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
, 金属杆与弹簧绝缘,金属杆的N端连接一绝缘轻指针,可指示右侧标尺上的读数。在金属杆
![](https://math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmi%3EM%3C%2Fmi%3E%3Cmi%3EN%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
下方的矩形区域
![](https://math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmi%3Ea%3C%2Fmi%3E%3Cmi%3Eb%3C%2Fmi%3E%3Cmi%3Ec%3C%2Fmi%3E%3Cmi%3Ed%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
内有匀强磁场,磁感应强度大小为B,方向垂直纸面向外。当金属杆
![](https://math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmi%3EM%3C%2Fmi%3E%3Cmi%3EN%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
中没有电流通过且处于平衡状态时,金属杆
![](https://math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmi%3EM%3C%2Fmi%3E%3Cmi%3EN%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
与矩形区域的
![](https://math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmi%3Ea%3C%2Fmi%3E%3Cmi%3Eb%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
边重合,指针指在标尺的零刻线。当金属杆
![](https://math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmi%3EM%3C%2Fmi%3E%3Cmi%3EN%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
中有电流通过时,指针示数可表示电流大小。已知金属杆
![](https://math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmi%3EM%3C%2Fmi%3E%3Cmi%3EN%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
的长度大于
![](https://math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmi%3Ea%3C%2Fmi%3E%3Cmi%3Eb%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
, 且始终保持水平状态。弹簧的劲度系数为k,测量过程中弹簧始终在弹性限度内。
![](https://math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmi%3Ea%3C%2Fmi%3E%3Cmi%3Eb%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
边长为
![](https://math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmsub%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmi%3El%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmn%3E1%3C%2Fmn%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmsub%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
,
![](https://math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmi%3Eb%3C%2Fmi%3E%3Cmi%3Ec%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
边长为
![](https://math.21cnjy.com/MathMLToImage?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmsub%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmi%3El%3C%2Fmi%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmn%3E2%3C%2Fmn%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmsub%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
。重力加速度为g。不计金属杆中电流对磁场的影响。
![](http://tikupic.21cnjy.com/2022/08/11/b5/3e/b53edc2f9486cd080669453937c648e5_258x207.png)